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Emerging Technologies in Government: A Case Study of the
Estonian Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications
Introduction
The Estonian Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications
(MEAC) is a pioneering public institution that oversees national digital
policy, transportation, energy, and communications infrastructure. As
one of the first governments to embrace digital transformation, Estonia
is widely regarded as a global leader in e-governance. Through
initiatives such as e-Residency, X-Road, and digital identity systems, the
MEAC has revolutionized public sector service delivery. The
department plays a crucial role in ensuring the integration of advanced
technologies to facilitate transparency, accessibility, efficiency, and trust
in public administration. It has implemented several emerging
technologies including Artificial Intelligence (AI), Blockchain, Big
Data, Cloud Computing, and Internet of Things (IoT) to streamline
governance processes and boost public sector innovation.
Sub-section 1: Identify and Describe the Emerging Technology
One of the most transformative technologies adopted by the Estonian
government is Blockchain, particularly through its integration into
Estonia’s X-Road system and e-Residency platform. Blockchain is a
decentralized and distributed ledger technology that records transactions
in a secure, transparent, and tamper-proof manner. Unlike traditional
databases, blockchain creates a permanent and immutable chain of
records (blocks) that are cryptographically linked. Each transaction is