612 exist Exam3, 2024
Specialty mental health sector examples - ANSWERS-State Psychiatric Hospitals•Psychiatric
Units in Hospitals•Residential Treatment Centers•Outpatient Programs•Community Mental
Health Centers•Day Treatment Programs•Rehab Programs
How many people in US have a diagnosable MH condition - ANSWERS-1 in 5 adults, 43.8 million
adults
1 in 25 with a serious mental illness
1 in 100 (1.1%) live with Schizophrenia
2.6% live with bipolar disorder
Human services sector examples - ANSWERS-Housing•Employment•Adult Criminal
Justice•Juvenile Justice•Education (Schools)•Religious Organizations
Why is mental health a social justice issue - ANSWERS-- Toxic stress in poor, minoritized
communities--disparities in health and mental health that begin at a early age.
- Unmet need for treatment is greatest in traditionally underserved groups (e.g. elderly, racial-
ethnic minorities, individuals w/low incomes, uninsured, and residents of rural areas)
- Mental health financing and delivery is extremely variable across states, many have no access
to services
,- The states with less access to mental health care have more adults who are in the criminal
justice system, more homeless adults.
What do social workers do? - ANSWERS-Enhance human wellbeing (including ensuring that
basic needs are met),
- Empower individuals/groups/communities that are poor, marginalized, oppressed.
- Orientation to mental health and illness:•Must understand the contributions of BIOPSYCH
contributions (medical model),
- Must understand individuals' MH conditions in their ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEX
- Must also consider, appreciate, and centralize the coping, strengths and abilities of
individuals/groups
Insufficient access to treatment - ANSWERS-- costs from health care
- not enough mental health professionals
- primary care is largest mental health service provider in the US
Biopsychosocial model - ANSWERS-- bio factors (genetics, chemical 'imbalances', structural brain
anomalies, in-utero exposure, temperament);
- psycho factors (e.g., personality traits, coping, emotional regulation, trauma, self concept);
- social/cultural/societal factors (e.g. social support, family relationships, neighborhood factors,
SES, poverty, social stratification, stigma, treatment access).
Biological risk factors - ANSWERS-- Structural Theories- Abnormalities in the structure of the
brain cause mental disorders
- Biochemical Theories - Imbalances in the levels of neurotransmitters or hormones, or poor
functioning of receptors cause mental disorders
,- Genetic Theories- Alterations (anomaly, abnormality, aberration, or mutation) in genes lead to
mental disorders
- Today, there is ample scientific evidence and broad recognition that the nervous system is
highly interactive with the environment
psychological risk factors - ANSWERS-self efficacy, self esteem, self regulation, emotional
regulation, coping strategies, traumatic events and losses
social risk factors - ANSWERS-Risks: patterns of hostility, conflict, isolation, low cohesion,
enmeshment, absence of nurturing, inconsistent/ineffective discipline, attachment, chronic
marital discord, separation, violence, high parental stress, mental illness in parents
- effect of neighborhood
medical model - ANSWERS-a mental illness is a disease of the mind or psyche, aims for cure
(remission of symptoms) or reduction of symptoms (partial remission), restoring the individual
to as close to their 'baseline' as possible
what is differential diagnosis - ANSWERS-- The systematic process of weighing the likelihood of
one disorder versus other disorders with some shared clinical features to best account for the
client's symptoms or presenting problems.
- Involves considering (i.e. making a list) of possible diagnoses (within the same category of
disorders and beyond), then attempting to eliminate them from the list.
questions used for diagnosing - ANSWERS-Duration
Frequency
Intensity
Pervasiveness/setting
, Context:history-when symptoms started, clinical course of symptoms- first occurrence,
recurrence, cyclical, chronic, a long history of less intensive presentation, major events in life
around start of symptom presentation (triggers), typical response to similar stressors before,
how does the child typically cope, etc.
//
DSM assumptions - ANSWERS-- The DSM tends toward a universalist perspective on
psychopathology (rather than relativistic)
- There is some level of homogeneity within categories
- Diagnoses are true and objective entities or constructs
Pros of DSM - ANSWERS-use of shorthand
make comparisons among studies,
insurance (ticket to services)
labels allow people who can support you know you are not alone
*
Cons/limitations of DSM - ANSWERS-- Does NOT describe underlying pathological processes (in
many cases, these are not yet known)
- Diagnosis is atheoretical
- Does NOT recommend specific treatment methods
- Reliability of diagnosis across providers is not high for some disorders
- Sx overlap
- High comorbidity
- Heavy use of 'other specified/unspecified' categories
- Based on euro-centric notions of normality
- Lacks emphasis on cultural factors
- Tends to find pathology in the individual vs in a "pathological environment" i.e. discrimination,
oppression, harassment, social injustices
Specialty mental health sector examples - ANSWERS-State Psychiatric Hospitals•Psychiatric
Units in Hospitals•Residential Treatment Centers•Outpatient Programs•Community Mental
Health Centers•Day Treatment Programs•Rehab Programs
How many people in US have a diagnosable MH condition - ANSWERS-1 in 5 adults, 43.8 million
adults
1 in 25 with a serious mental illness
1 in 100 (1.1%) live with Schizophrenia
2.6% live with bipolar disorder
Human services sector examples - ANSWERS-Housing•Employment•Adult Criminal
Justice•Juvenile Justice•Education (Schools)•Religious Organizations
Why is mental health a social justice issue - ANSWERS-- Toxic stress in poor, minoritized
communities--disparities in health and mental health that begin at a early age.
- Unmet need for treatment is greatest in traditionally underserved groups (e.g. elderly, racial-
ethnic minorities, individuals w/low incomes, uninsured, and residents of rural areas)
- Mental health financing and delivery is extremely variable across states, many have no access
to services
,- The states with less access to mental health care have more adults who are in the criminal
justice system, more homeless adults.
What do social workers do? - ANSWERS-Enhance human wellbeing (including ensuring that
basic needs are met),
- Empower individuals/groups/communities that are poor, marginalized, oppressed.
- Orientation to mental health and illness:•Must understand the contributions of BIOPSYCH
contributions (medical model),
- Must understand individuals' MH conditions in their ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEX
- Must also consider, appreciate, and centralize the coping, strengths and abilities of
individuals/groups
Insufficient access to treatment - ANSWERS-- costs from health care
- not enough mental health professionals
- primary care is largest mental health service provider in the US
Biopsychosocial model - ANSWERS-- bio factors (genetics, chemical 'imbalances', structural brain
anomalies, in-utero exposure, temperament);
- psycho factors (e.g., personality traits, coping, emotional regulation, trauma, self concept);
- social/cultural/societal factors (e.g. social support, family relationships, neighborhood factors,
SES, poverty, social stratification, stigma, treatment access).
Biological risk factors - ANSWERS-- Structural Theories- Abnormalities in the structure of the
brain cause mental disorders
- Biochemical Theories - Imbalances in the levels of neurotransmitters or hormones, or poor
functioning of receptors cause mental disorders
,- Genetic Theories- Alterations (anomaly, abnormality, aberration, or mutation) in genes lead to
mental disorders
- Today, there is ample scientific evidence and broad recognition that the nervous system is
highly interactive with the environment
psychological risk factors - ANSWERS-self efficacy, self esteem, self regulation, emotional
regulation, coping strategies, traumatic events and losses
social risk factors - ANSWERS-Risks: patterns of hostility, conflict, isolation, low cohesion,
enmeshment, absence of nurturing, inconsistent/ineffective discipline, attachment, chronic
marital discord, separation, violence, high parental stress, mental illness in parents
- effect of neighborhood
medical model - ANSWERS-a mental illness is a disease of the mind or psyche, aims for cure
(remission of symptoms) or reduction of symptoms (partial remission), restoring the individual
to as close to their 'baseline' as possible
what is differential diagnosis - ANSWERS-- The systematic process of weighing the likelihood of
one disorder versus other disorders with some shared clinical features to best account for the
client's symptoms or presenting problems.
- Involves considering (i.e. making a list) of possible diagnoses (within the same category of
disorders and beyond), then attempting to eliminate them from the list.
questions used for diagnosing - ANSWERS-Duration
Frequency
Intensity
Pervasiveness/setting
, Context:history-when symptoms started, clinical course of symptoms- first occurrence,
recurrence, cyclical, chronic, a long history of less intensive presentation, major events in life
around start of symptom presentation (triggers), typical response to similar stressors before,
how does the child typically cope, etc.
//
DSM assumptions - ANSWERS-- The DSM tends toward a universalist perspective on
psychopathology (rather than relativistic)
- There is some level of homogeneity within categories
- Diagnoses are true and objective entities or constructs
Pros of DSM - ANSWERS-use of shorthand
make comparisons among studies,
insurance (ticket to services)
labels allow people who can support you know you are not alone
*
Cons/limitations of DSM - ANSWERS-- Does NOT describe underlying pathological processes (in
many cases, these are not yet known)
- Diagnosis is atheoretical
- Does NOT recommend specific treatment methods
- Reliability of diagnosis across providers is not high for some disorders
- Sx overlap
- High comorbidity
- Heavy use of 'other specified/unspecified' categories
- Based on euro-centric notions of normality
- Lacks emphasis on cultural factors
- Tends to find pathology in the individual vs in a "pathological environment" i.e. discrimination,
oppression, harassment, social injustices
