Pentest+ - Application Vulnerabilities
and Attacks 2025/2026 Exam Questions
and Answers 100% Guaranteed Success
| Already Rated A+
OWASP Top 10 - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A globally recognized standard
awareness document that lists the top 10 most critical security risks to web
applications
Server Side Request Forgery - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A type of attack that takes
advantage of the trust relationship between the server and the other
resources it can access
Race Condition - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔occurs when the resulting outcome from
execution processes is directly dependent on the order and timing of
certain events, which failed to execute in the order and timing the devs
intended. Ex. Dirty Cow exploit
Dereferencing - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔occurs when the code attempts to remove
the relationship between a pointer and the thing it points to
1
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, TOCTOU Vulnerability - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔occurs when there is a change
between when a napp checks a resource and when the app uses the
resource
Buffer - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔a temp storage area used by an app to store data
Stack - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔a type of buffer where an app stores things in
memory, like functions being called in the code
Non-Operation Instruction (NOp) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔tells the system to do
nothing and go to the next instruction
'smashing the stack' attack - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔an attack where the attacker
overflows the buffer with NOP instructions
Methods to avoid buffer overflow attacks - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔1 - maintain good
path management
2 - always use secure coding practices (boundary checking, input
validation)
3 - Use Address space layout randomization (randomly sets the return
pointer forthe call back in a program)
2
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
and Attacks 2025/2026 Exam Questions
and Answers 100% Guaranteed Success
| Already Rated A+
OWASP Top 10 - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A globally recognized standard
awareness document that lists the top 10 most critical security risks to web
applications
Server Side Request Forgery - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A type of attack that takes
advantage of the trust relationship between the server and the other
resources it can access
Race Condition - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔occurs when the resulting outcome from
execution processes is directly dependent on the order and timing of
certain events, which failed to execute in the order and timing the devs
intended. Ex. Dirty Cow exploit
Dereferencing - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔occurs when the code attempts to remove
the relationship between a pointer and the thing it points to
1
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, TOCTOU Vulnerability - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔occurs when there is a change
between when a napp checks a resource and when the app uses the
resource
Buffer - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔a temp storage area used by an app to store data
Stack - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔a type of buffer where an app stores things in
memory, like functions being called in the code
Non-Operation Instruction (NOp) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔tells the system to do
nothing and go to the next instruction
'smashing the stack' attack - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔an attack where the attacker
overflows the buffer with NOP instructions
Methods to avoid buffer overflow attacks - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔1 - maintain good
path management
2 - always use secure coding practices (boundary checking, input
validation)
3 - Use Address space layout randomization (randomly sets the return
pointer forthe call back in a program)
2
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
