APG EXAM II STUDY GUIDE 125
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS!!
1 of 125
Term
Which genes are responsible for haploid induction in maize?
Give this one a try later!
ZmAMP1, ZmDMP ZmGAP1, ZmDMP3
ZmRAP1, ZmDMP2 ZmCENH3, ZmDMP1
, Don't know?
2 of 125
Definition
R = h^2 x S
Heritabilty x selction differential
h^2 = how accurate our selections are, S is difference between
mean of population and mean of selected individuals
Give this one a try later!
Breeder's equation Hardy-weinberg equation
Correlation coefficient Allele frequency equation
Don't know?
3 of 125
Term
Describe the three steps in DNA methylation.
Give this one a try later!
, TFs directly bind to specific DNA sequences and recruit chromatin-modifying
proteins to alter chromatin structure, resulting in the regulation of gene
expression in response to developmental and environmental cues.
Different central genes were utilized, and whereas maize was domesticated
using mainly regulatory and gain of expression changes, rice was mainly
domesticated through coding variations and loss-of-function changes.
1) sRNA production: Pol IV generates ssRNAs from transposons and
repeats, which are converted into double-stranded small interfering RNAs
(sRNAs).
2)DNA methylation: The sRNAs a protein to create a duplex and interact with
Pol V, which transcribes intergenic non-coding regions (functions as a scaffold).
The sRNA transcript duplex is recognized by a protein that recruits a
methyltransferase, DRM2, for DNA methylation.
1) de novo DNA methylation: initiates new sites of cytosine methylation
2)maintenance: mitosis and meiosis propagate the methylation marks
3) reprogramming/demethylation: specific methylation sites are removed
Don't know?
4 of 125
Definition
Mutant alleles of SFT displayed significant heterosis, linking sft/+
heterozygosity with heterosis as the first example of a single
overdominant gene for yield.
SFT-dependent heterosis results in several phenotypic changes
that improve yield, including more inflorescences in a shorter time,
more inflorescences and leaves on all shoots, and more sympodial
units
, on each plant in determinate plants. This sft/+ heterozygosity
activates a dosage-dependent suppression of growth termination
through mutation of the SP gene.
Give this one a try later!
Why is natural cis-regulatory Why is a combo of DAP-seq
variation more difficult to and ATAC-seq used to better
experimentally explore understand the cis-regulatory
than variation in coding landscape in crops?
regions?
What is known about
What is an allotetraploid? How
the genetic
do they contribute to a better
mechanisms
understanding of heterosis?
underlying the regulation of
heterosis by the SFT locus
in tomato?
Don't know?
5 of 125
Term
Explain why NPQ inhibits CO2 fixation upon transfer of plants from
bright light to low light
Give this one a try later!
1) Illumina = short read, others = long read.
2)Illumina = high accuracy, others = low to medium
3) Illumina is typically used for genotyping by sequencing, WGS, or genome
assembly, while the others are used for studying strucutral variants and genome
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS!!
1 of 125
Term
Which genes are responsible for haploid induction in maize?
Give this one a try later!
ZmAMP1, ZmDMP ZmGAP1, ZmDMP3
ZmRAP1, ZmDMP2 ZmCENH3, ZmDMP1
, Don't know?
2 of 125
Definition
R = h^2 x S
Heritabilty x selction differential
h^2 = how accurate our selections are, S is difference between
mean of population and mean of selected individuals
Give this one a try later!
Breeder's equation Hardy-weinberg equation
Correlation coefficient Allele frequency equation
Don't know?
3 of 125
Term
Describe the three steps in DNA methylation.
Give this one a try later!
, TFs directly bind to specific DNA sequences and recruit chromatin-modifying
proteins to alter chromatin structure, resulting in the regulation of gene
expression in response to developmental and environmental cues.
Different central genes were utilized, and whereas maize was domesticated
using mainly regulatory and gain of expression changes, rice was mainly
domesticated through coding variations and loss-of-function changes.
1) sRNA production: Pol IV generates ssRNAs from transposons and
repeats, which are converted into double-stranded small interfering RNAs
(sRNAs).
2)DNA methylation: The sRNAs a protein to create a duplex and interact with
Pol V, which transcribes intergenic non-coding regions (functions as a scaffold).
The sRNA transcript duplex is recognized by a protein that recruits a
methyltransferase, DRM2, for DNA methylation.
1) de novo DNA methylation: initiates new sites of cytosine methylation
2)maintenance: mitosis and meiosis propagate the methylation marks
3) reprogramming/demethylation: specific methylation sites are removed
Don't know?
4 of 125
Definition
Mutant alleles of SFT displayed significant heterosis, linking sft/+
heterozygosity with heterosis as the first example of a single
overdominant gene for yield.
SFT-dependent heterosis results in several phenotypic changes
that improve yield, including more inflorescences in a shorter time,
more inflorescences and leaves on all shoots, and more sympodial
units
, on each plant in determinate plants. This sft/+ heterozygosity
activates a dosage-dependent suppression of growth termination
through mutation of the SP gene.
Give this one a try later!
Why is natural cis-regulatory Why is a combo of DAP-seq
variation more difficult to and ATAC-seq used to better
experimentally explore understand the cis-regulatory
than variation in coding landscape in crops?
regions?
What is known about
What is an allotetraploid? How
the genetic
do they contribute to a better
mechanisms
understanding of heterosis?
underlying the regulation of
heterosis by the SFT locus
in tomato?
Don't know?
5 of 125
Term
Explain why NPQ inhibits CO2 fixation upon transfer of plants from
bright light to low light
Give this one a try later!
1) Illumina = short read, others = long read.
2)Illumina = high accuracy, others = low to medium
3) Illumina is typically used for genotyping by sequencing, WGS, or genome
assembly, while the others are used for studying strucutral variants and genome
