CEN EXAM 2 PRACTICE QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
|GUARANTEED PASS|ALREADY
GRADED A+|
MAP calculation - ANS>> [( 2xDBP) + SBP] / 3
cushing's triad - ANS>> widened pulse pressure, bradycardia, and irregular
respirations
(indicative of increased ICP)
chronotropes - ANS>> affect the heart rate at the SA node (cardizem)
inotropes - ANS>> affect contractility (dopamine)
dromotropes - ANS>> affect automaticity of the heart
ACE inhibitors adverse effects - ANS>> dry cough, angioedema, renal impairment
ARB (sartans) - ANS>> block angiotensin 2 receptors, resulting in vasodilation
antidote for vasopressor extravasation - ANS>> phentolamine (regitine)
Prinzmetal angina - ANS>> -episodic CP unrelated to exertion
-ST elevation is variant and resolves when vasospasm resolves
inferior MI ST elevation - ANS>> leads II, III AVF
Lateral MI ST elevation - ANS>> I, AVL, V5, V6
Anterior ST elevation - ANS>> V1-V4
inferior MI vessel involvement - ANS>> RCA (feeds SA and AV nodes)
inferior MI presentation - ANS>> Epigastric pain
bradycardia and heart blocks
,anterior MI vessel involvement - ANS>> LAD (supplies L ventricle)
anterior MI presentation - ANS>> crushing CP
"I can't breathe"
Ventricular failure and arrhythmias
right ventricle-involved MI - ANS>> -get right sided ekg
-NO nitro or morphine`
tx for MI - ANS>> oxygen
aspirin
nitroglycerin
PCI within 90 mins
beta-blockers for HTN
**reperfusion dysrhythmias are a good sign with PCI
aortic dissection BP - ANS>> difference of 20 mmHg or more in SBP b/t arms
aortic dissection tx - ANS>> #1 priority is 2 large bore IV's
maintain HR of 60-80 (beta blocker)
maintain BP of 100-120 (nitro)
post ROSC - ANS>> keep O2 sat 90%
CO2 35-45
SBP >90
TTM at 32-36 celsius
medications that cause prolonged QT interval - ANS>> erythromycin,
levofloxacin, cipro
haldol
tricyclic antidepressants
sotolol, procainamide
zofran
antidote for beta blockers - ANS>> glucagon
pericarditis (dressler's syndrome) - ANS>> retrosternal cp, worse with inspiration,
activity and laying flat
,relieved by sitting up or leaning forward
diffuse ST elevation in most or all leads (not contiguous)
tx is NSAIDs
hypertensive emergency/crisis - ANS>> SBP >180 or DBP >120
AND
evidence of impending end-organ damage
hypertensive emergency tx - ANS>> nitroglycerin or nitroprusside slowly to
decrease bp by 25% in first 2 hours of tx
cardiac tamponade - ANS>> pericardial sac accumulates excess fluid, causing
obstructive shock
Beck's Triad:
muffled heart sounds, hypotension, JVD
risk factors for DVT - ANS>> Stasis, endothelial injury and hypercoagulability
(Virchow's triad)
non-invasive positive pressure ventilation
contraindications - ANS>> risk of aspiration
hypotension
succinylcholine contraindications - ANS>> hyperkalemia, crush injuries, renal
failure, burns, malignant hyperthermia, increased ICP, neuromuscular disorders
malignant hyperthermia treatment - ANS>> Dantrolene
Causes of metabolic acidosis - ANS>> DKA, alcoholic acidosis, shock, renal
disease, diarrhea
Causes of metabolic alkalosis - ANS>> severe vomiting, excessive GI suctioning,
Causes of respiratory acidosis - ANS>> respiratory depression, hypoventiation
, flail chest - ANS>> 2 or more adjacent ribs fractured in 2 or more places resulting
in free floating segment of ribs
tx is intubation and surgery for rib fixation
hemothorax considerations - ANS>> emergent surgery indicated for initial
drainage of 1500 ml or more
ruptured diaphragm - ANS>> abdominal contents herniate into chest , compressing
lungs, heart and vessels
peristaltic sounds in chest with scaphoid abdomen
tx is emergent repair and ABC's`
fractured larynx - ANS>> no PPV and no bagging!
cerebral perfusion pressure - ANS>> CPP= MAP-ICP
CPP goal in head injury - ANS>> >60
abnormal ICP - ANS>> sustained >20 mmHg
consideration with treating hypoglycemia in malnourished - ANS>> add thiamine
to prevent wernicke's encephalopathy
cranial nerve 2 - ANS>> optic nerve
cranial nerves 3, 4, 6 - ANS>> extra ocular movements
cranial nerve 9 - ANS>> Glossopharyngeal
cranial nerve 10 - ANS>> vagus nerve
cranial nerve 8 - ANS>> Vestibulocochlear (acoustic)
cranial nerve 7 - ANS>> Facial
cranial nerve 5 - ANS>> Trigeminal
WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
|GUARANTEED PASS|ALREADY
GRADED A+|
MAP calculation - ANS>> [( 2xDBP) + SBP] / 3
cushing's triad - ANS>> widened pulse pressure, bradycardia, and irregular
respirations
(indicative of increased ICP)
chronotropes - ANS>> affect the heart rate at the SA node (cardizem)
inotropes - ANS>> affect contractility (dopamine)
dromotropes - ANS>> affect automaticity of the heart
ACE inhibitors adverse effects - ANS>> dry cough, angioedema, renal impairment
ARB (sartans) - ANS>> block angiotensin 2 receptors, resulting in vasodilation
antidote for vasopressor extravasation - ANS>> phentolamine (regitine)
Prinzmetal angina - ANS>> -episodic CP unrelated to exertion
-ST elevation is variant and resolves when vasospasm resolves
inferior MI ST elevation - ANS>> leads II, III AVF
Lateral MI ST elevation - ANS>> I, AVL, V5, V6
Anterior ST elevation - ANS>> V1-V4
inferior MI vessel involvement - ANS>> RCA (feeds SA and AV nodes)
inferior MI presentation - ANS>> Epigastric pain
bradycardia and heart blocks
,anterior MI vessel involvement - ANS>> LAD (supplies L ventricle)
anterior MI presentation - ANS>> crushing CP
"I can't breathe"
Ventricular failure and arrhythmias
right ventricle-involved MI - ANS>> -get right sided ekg
-NO nitro or morphine`
tx for MI - ANS>> oxygen
aspirin
nitroglycerin
PCI within 90 mins
beta-blockers for HTN
**reperfusion dysrhythmias are a good sign with PCI
aortic dissection BP - ANS>> difference of 20 mmHg or more in SBP b/t arms
aortic dissection tx - ANS>> #1 priority is 2 large bore IV's
maintain HR of 60-80 (beta blocker)
maintain BP of 100-120 (nitro)
post ROSC - ANS>> keep O2 sat 90%
CO2 35-45
SBP >90
TTM at 32-36 celsius
medications that cause prolonged QT interval - ANS>> erythromycin,
levofloxacin, cipro
haldol
tricyclic antidepressants
sotolol, procainamide
zofran
antidote for beta blockers - ANS>> glucagon
pericarditis (dressler's syndrome) - ANS>> retrosternal cp, worse with inspiration,
activity and laying flat
,relieved by sitting up or leaning forward
diffuse ST elevation in most or all leads (not contiguous)
tx is NSAIDs
hypertensive emergency/crisis - ANS>> SBP >180 or DBP >120
AND
evidence of impending end-organ damage
hypertensive emergency tx - ANS>> nitroglycerin or nitroprusside slowly to
decrease bp by 25% in first 2 hours of tx
cardiac tamponade - ANS>> pericardial sac accumulates excess fluid, causing
obstructive shock
Beck's Triad:
muffled heart sounds, hypotension, JVD
risk factors for DVT - ANS>> Stasis, endothelial injury and hypercoagulability
(Virchow's triad)
non-invasive positive pressure ventilation
contraindications - ANS>> risk of aspiration
hypotension
succinylcholine contraindications - ANS>> hyperkalemia, crush injuries, renal
failure, burns, malignant hyperthermia, increased ICP, neuromuscular disorders
malignant hyperthermia treatment - ANS>> Dantrolene
Causes of metabolic acidosis - ANS>> DKA, alcoholic acidosis, shock, renal
disease, diarrhea
Causes of metabolic alkalosis - ANS>> severe vomiting, excessive GI suctioning,
Causes of respiratory acidosis - ANS>> respiratory depression, hypoventiation
, flail chest - ANS>> 2 or more adjacent ribs fractured in 2 or more places resulting
in free floating segment of ribs
tx is intubation and surgery for rib fixation
hemothorax considerations - ANS>> emergent surgery indicated for initial
drainage of 1500 ml or more
ruptured diaphragm - ANS>> abdominal contents herniate into chest , compressing
lungs, heart and vessels
peristaltic sounds in chest with scaphoid abdomen
tx is emergent repair and ABC's`
fractured larynx - ANS>> no PPV and no bagging!
cerebral perfusion pressure - ANS>> CPP= MAP-ICP
CPP goal in head injury - ANS>> >60
abnormal ICP - ANS>> sustained >20 mmHg
consideration with treating hypoglycemia in malnourished - ANS>> add thiamine
to prevent wernicke's encephalopathy
cranial nerve 2 - ANS>> optic nerve
cranial nerves 3, 4, 6 - ANS>> extra ocular movements
cranial nerve 9 - ANS>> Glossopharyngeal
cranial nerve 10 - ANS>> vagus nerve
cranial nerve 8 - ANS>> Vestibulocochlear (acoustic)
cranial nerve 7 - ANS>> Facial
cranial nerve 5 - ANS>> Trigeminal
