Aerobic Cellular Respiration Questions and Answers with Certified Solutions

Aerobic Cellular Respiration Questions and Answers with Certified Solutions What is the first step in aerobic cellular respiration? The first step in aerobic cellular respiration is glycolysis, where glucose is broken down into pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP and NADH. Where does aerobic cellular respiration occur in eukaryotic cells? In eukaryotic cells, aerobic cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria. What is the main goal of aerobic cellular respiration? The main goal of aerobic cellular respiration is to convert glucose and oxygen into ATP, which cells use for energy, while producing carbon dioxide and water as byproducts. What happens to pyruvate after glycolysis in aerobic respiration? After glycolysis, pyruvate enters the mitochondria, where it is converted into acetyl-CoA before entering the citric acid cycle. What is the citric acid cycle, and where does it occur? 2 The citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and is responsible for producing electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) and ATP. What is the role of oxygen in aerobic respiration? Oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, allowing the process to continue and enabling ATP production. What is the electron transport chain, and where does it take place? The electron transport chain is a series of protein complexes located in the inner mitochondrial membrane that transfers electrons and pumps protons to create a proton gradient for ATP synthesis. How does the electron transport chain contribute to ATP production? The electron transport chain generates a proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane, which is used by ATP synthase to produce ATP. What is the function of ATP synthase in aerobic cellular respiration? ATP synthase is an enzyme that uses the energy from the proton gradient created by the electron transport chain to convert ADP and inorganic phosphate into ATP. 3 How much ATP is produced from one molecule of glucose in aerobic respiration? One molecule of glucose in aerobic respiration can produce up to 38 ATP molecules, depending on the efficiency of the process. What are NADH and FADH2, and what is their role in aerobic respiration? NADH and FADH2 are electron carriers that transport high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain, where they are used to generate ATP. What is the byproduct of aerobic cellular respiration? The byproducts of aerobic cellular respiration are carbon dioxide and water. What would happen to aerobic respiration if there were no oxygen available? If oxygen were not available, aerobic respiration would not occur, and the cell would switch to anaerobic respiration or fermentation, producing much less ATP. How does aerobic respiration compare to anaerobic respiration in terms of ATP production? Aerobic respiration produces more ATP than anaerobic respiration, as it involves the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, which generate a large amount of ATP. 4 What is the purpose of the proton gradient in the electron transport chain? The proton gradient creates potential energy that is used by ATP synthase to produce ATP. What is the role of water in aerobic cellular