Biology Cellular Respiration Questions and Answers with Complete Solutions

Biology Cellular Respiration Questions and Answers with Complete Solutions What is aerobic respiration? Aerobic respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water, and it occurs in the presence of oxygen. How does aerobic respiration differ from cellular respiration? Cellular respiration includes both aerobic and anaerobic processes, whereas aerobic respiration specifically requires oxygen to produce a larger amount of ATP. What is the function of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration? The electron transport chain transfers electrons through a series of protein complexes and generates a proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane, driving ATP production. What role does ATP synthase play in cellular respiration? ATP synthase is an enzyme that uses the proton gradient created by the electron transport chain to synthesize ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. 2 What is the end result of aerobic respiration? The end result of aerobic respiration is the production of a large amount of ATP, along with water and carbon dioxide as byproducts. Why is oxygen necessary for aerobic respiration? Oxygen is required in aerobic respiration to act as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, enabling the process to continue and produce ATP. How much ATP is generated from one molecule of glucose in aerobic respiration? Aerobic respiration generates up to 38 ATP molecules per glucose molecule, depending on cellular efficiency. What happens in the electron transport chain? In the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are passed through protein complexes, ultimately combining with oxygen to form water while protons are pumped across the mitochondrial membrane, creating a proton gradient. What is the significance of the proton gradient in aerobic respiration? 3 The proton gradient created by the electron transport chain drives ATP synthesis through ATP synthase, where the flow of protons back into the mitochondrial matrix powers the formation of ATP. How is energy stored in ATP during aerobic respiration? Energy is stored in the high-energy phosphate bonds of ATP, which can be broken to release energy for cellular activities. What would happen if the electron transport chain were disrupted? If the electron transport chain is disrupted, ATP production through oxidative phosphorylation would be inhibited, leading to reduced cellular energy production. How does the electron transport chain contribute to the proton-motive force? The electron transport chain creates the proton-motive force by pumping protons (H+) across the mitochondrial membrane, generating a gradient of protons that stores energy for ATP production. What role do NADH and FADH2 play in the electron transport chain? 4 NADH and FADH2 deliver high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain, which are then passed through the protein complexes to generate the proton gradient for ATP synthesis. Why is ATP synthase considered crucial for ATP production? ATP synthase is crucial because it uses the proton gradient created by the electron transport chain to produce ATP by adding a phosphate group to ADP. What is the final product of the electron