Cellular Respiration Questions and Answers with Certified Solutions

Cellular Respiration Questions and Answers with Certified Solutions What gas is essential for aerobic respiration to occur? Oxygen is essential because it acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain. What is formed when glucose is broken down during glycolysis? Two molecules of pyruvate are formed from one molecule of glucose during glycolysis. Why is the mitochondrial matrix important in respiration? The mitochondrial matrix contains enzymes necessary for the citric acid cycle and other key reactions of aerobic respiration. What is chemiosmosis in cellular respiration? Chemiosmosis is the movement of protons across a membrane to drive ATP production through ATP synthase. What is one advantage of aerobic respiration over fermentation? 2 Aerobic respiration produces significantly more ATP than fermentation. What happens to the carbon atoms from glucose during respiration? They are released as carbon dioxide during the citric acid cycle. How is energy stored in glucose released during respiration? Energy is released by breaking chemical bonds during glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain. What happens to electrons at the end of the electron transport chain? They combine with oxygen and hydrogen ions to form water. What is an intermediate molecule in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration? Pyruvate is an intermediate in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. How does the body get rid of carbon dioxide from respiration? Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood to the lungs, where it is exhaled. 3 What provides the electrons used in the electron transport chain? Electrons come from NADH and FADH2 produced during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. What is the effect of cyanide on cellular respiration? Cyanide blocks the electron transport chain, preventing ATP production and leading to cell death. Why does ATP production slow down when oxygen is low? Without oxygen, the electron transport chain cannot operate, reducing ATP output. What happens if a cell runs out of glucose? The cell will switch to other energy sources like fats and proteins to continue producing ATP. What is the fate of NADH in fermentation? In fermentation, NADH is oxidized back to NAD+ so glycolysis can continue. 4 Why do cells need a constant supply of ATP? Cells need ATP to power essential functions like movement, transport, and synthesis. What happens to the NADH produced in glycolysis under anaerobic conditions? It is used to reduce pyruvate into lactic acid or ethanol to regenerate NAD+. What part of respiration is shared by both aerobic and anaerobic pathways? Glycolysis is common to both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. What does the enzyme dehydrogenase do in respiration? Dehydrogenase enzymes remove hydrogen