Cellular Respiration Questions and Answers Latest Update 100% Pass

Cellular Respiration Questions and Answers Latest Update 100% Pass What happens to the hydrogen atoms removed from glucose during cellular respiration? The hydrogen atoms are transferred to electron carriers like NAD+ and FAD, forming NADH and FADH2, which later donate electrons to the electron transport chain. How does cellular respiration help maintain homeostasis? Cellular respiration provides the ATP needed for maintaining stable internal conditions by powering transport, repair, and regulation processes in the cell. What part of the mitochondria is involved in the electron transport chain? The inner mitochondrial membrane is where the electron transport chain takes place. What happens if a cell runs out of NAD+ during glycolysis? Glycolysis would stop because NAD+ is needed to accept electrons; fermentation can regenerate NAD+ in the absence of oxygen. How is lactic acid involved in cellular respiration? 2 Lactic acid is produced during anaerobic respiration when oxygen is low, allowing glycolysis to continue by regenerating NAD+. What is the role of oxygen in the final stage of cellular respiration? Oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, forming water and allowing the chain to continue running. What does FADH2 contribute to the electron transport chain? FADH2 donates electrons to the electron transport chain, helping generate ATP, although it contributes slightly less than NADH. How does the energy stored in food molecules get converted into usable energy? Food molecules like glucose are broken down during cellular respiration into smaller units, releasing energy that is stored as ATP. Why is carbon dioxide released during cellular respiration? Carbon dioxide is released as a byproduct when carbon atoms are removed from glucose derivatives during the citric acid cycle. 3 What molecule enters the citric acid cycle after glycolysis? Acetyl-CoA, formed from pyruvate, enters the citric acid cycle. What role does coenzyme A play in cellular respiration? Coenzyme A helps transport the acetyl group derived from pyruvate into the citric acid cycle. Why is glycolysis considered anaerobic? Glycolysis does not require oxygen and can occur in both aerobic and anaerobic environments. How do cells adapt if oxygen is not available? Cells switch to fermentation pathways, such as lactic acid fermentation or alcoholic fermentation, to keep producing ATP. What happens if ATP levels in the cell become too high? High levels of ATP inhibit certain enzymes in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, slowing down respiration to prevent overproduction of energy. 4 Why does cellular respiration occur in steps? The step-by-step breakdown allows the controlled release of energy and the capture of it in usable forms like ATP. How does cellular respiration relate to photosynthesis? Cellular respiration uses the glucose and oxygen produced by photosynthesis and releases carbon dioxide and water, which are used in photosynthesis. Can cellular respiration occur without mitochondria? Glycolysis can occur without mitochondria,