Cellular Respiration HW Questions and Answers Latest Version Graded A+

Cellular Respiration HW Questions and Answers Latest Version Graded A+ What is the role of coenzyme A in cellular respiration? Coenzyme A binds to acetyl groups to form acetyl-CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle for further processing. How do cells use the ATP produced in cellular respiration? Cells use ATP for processes such as muscle contraction, active transport, and biosynthesis of macromolecules. What is the significance of the citric acid cycle in energy production? The citric acid cycle is crucial because it generates high-energy electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) that fuel the electron transport chain to produce ATP. How do the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis work together? The electron transport chain creates a proton gradient, which chemiosmosis uses to generate ATP by allowing protons to flow through ATP synthase. 2 What happens during oxidative phosphorylation? During oxidative phosphorylation, the electron transport chain generates a proton gradient, and ATP synthase uses this gradient to produce ATP. What would happen if the proton gradient were not maintained in the mitochondria? If the proton gradient were not maintained, ATP production would halt, as ATP synthase requires this gradient to generate ATP. How does the cell ensure that ATP production is efficient? The cell ensures efficient ATP production by regulating the flow of electrons, controlling enzyme activity, and maintaining the proper balance of reactants and products. What is the relationship between glucose and ATP in cellular respiration? Glucose is broken down during cellular respiration to release energy, which is used to produce ATP, the main energy carrier in the cell. What role do enzymes play in cellular respiration? Enzymes catalyze each step of cellular respiration, speeding up the chemical reactions and ensuring efficient energy production. 3 What is the purpose of decarboxylation in the citric acid cycle? Decarboxylation in the citric acid cycle removes carbon atoms from the substrate, releasing carbon dioxide and transferring high-energy electrons to NADH and FADH2. Where does cellular respiration occur in eukaryotic cells? Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells. What is the first step of cellular respiration? The first step of cellular respiration is glycolysis, which breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate. How many ATP molecules are produced during glycolysis? Glycolysis produces a net gain of 2 ATP molecules per molecule of glucose. What is the role of NAD+ in glycolysis? NAD+ acts as an electron carrier during glycolysis, accepting electrons from glucose breakdown to form NADH. 4 What is pyruvate's role after glycolysis if oxygen is present? If oxygen is present, pyruvate enters the mitochondria and is converted into acetyl-CoA, which then enters the citric acid cycle. What occurs during the citric acid cycle? During the citric acid cycle, acetyl-CoA is broken down, releasing CO2, and transferring high-energy electrons to NADH and FADH2. How many ATP molecules are produced during the citric acid cycle? The citric acid cycle produces 2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule. What is the role of oxygen in the electron transport chain? Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor