CNPR EXAM Practice Questions and answers 100% correct 2025

CNPR EXAM Practice Questions and answers 100% correct 2025 ."P" value - ANSWER-probability of observing a result as extreme as or more extreme than the one actually observed from chance alone. ."z" test - ANSWER-statistical test for comparing a mean with a norm or comparing two means for large samples (30 or above). .A.A - ANSWER-medication dosage "of each. .A.C - ANSWER-medication dosage "before meals" .a(=intercept constant) - ANSWER-point at which the regression line intercepts the y-axis. .absolute value - ANSWER-positive value of a number, regardless of whether the number is positive or negative. absolute value of "a" is symbolized as lal. .absorption - ANSWER-how the drug passes from its site of administration into the bloodstream. .absorption rate - ANSWER-rate at which a drug is taken into a person's bloodstream within a specified time period. .abstract concept - ANSWER-starting point for measurement, abstract concept is best understood as a general idea in linguistic form that helps us describe reality. .AC - ANSWER-anticholinergic side effects (ex. dry mouth, blurred vision). .academy of managed care pharmacy (AMCP) - ANSWER-organization for pharmacy directors. .accelerated approval - ANSWER-specialized FDA mechanism implemented in the early 1990's to speed approval of drugs that represent a major advance in addressing serious or life-threatening diseases for which no effective alternative treatment exist. .ACE inhibitors - ANSWER-angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. class of drugs to treat cardiovascular conditions. .action letter - ANSWER-FDA's official response to NDA. .active metabolite - ANSWER-biological active product of a medication's metabolism. .active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) - ANSWER-part of a drug formulation that is responsible for achieving a therapeutic effect. .actue illness - ANSWER-condition or illness that only lasts for a short period of time. .acute - ANSWER-disease is short. .AD. LIB - ANSWER-medication dosage "freely" .addition rule - ANSWER-the probability that two or more mutually exclusive events that occur are the sum of the probabilities of each individual event. .additions - ANSWER-situations where two or more medications are used together and the clinical effect is equal to the sum of their individual effects. .adherence - ANSWER-proper use of a medication by a patient. .adjuvant - ANSWER-substance that enhances the action of a drug or antigen. .ADME - ANSWER-acronym for absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. .ADME testing - ANSWER-measures the rate at which the body absorbs the drug, distributes it to the organs necessary to produce the desired effect, metabolizes it into waste material and then excretes it from the body. .adverse drug reaction - ANSWER-unwanted reaction. .adverse effect - ANSWER-unwanted effect a medication may have on a person. .adverse event - ANSWER-unanticipated event that involves risk to the subject and that results in harm to the subject or others. .adverse reactions - ANSWER-any unexpected or dangerous reaction to a drug. .aerosols - ANSWER-are frequently delivered by oral inhalers or nebulizers that allow for rapid absorption into the blood circulation. .AF - ANSWER-atrial fibrillation. .affinity - ANSWER-measure of the binding of an antibody to an antigen. .age specific mortality rate - ANSWER-mortality rate in a specific age group. .agonist - ANSWER-drug capable of combining with receptors to initiate drug actions. .agonists - ANSWER-drugs that attract or bind to cell receptors in order to mimic or enhance endogenous chemical messengers. .alignment - ANSWER-manner in which client responsibilities are allocated among sales representatives in a pharmaceutical company. .alpha(a) - ANSWER-probability of a type I error. .alternative hypothesis - ANSWER-opposite of null hypothesis. .american association of health plans (AAHP) - ANSWER-primate us health plans. includes HMO, PPO's, and URO's. .american medical association (AMA) - ANSWER-national association based in chi that represents more than 700,000 medical doctors. .american pharmaceutical association (APhA) - ANSWER-national professional society of pharmacists found in 1852. .amide - ANSWER-organic compound containing an (O-C-N) group. .amino acid - ANSWER-building block of peptides/proteins. .aminoglycosides - ANSWER-class of antibiotics that are useful in the treatment of many infectious diseases. .amyloid - ANSWER-glycoprotein that is deposited extracellularly in tissues. .analgesic - ANSWER-pain reliever. .analogue - ANSWER-similar in chemical and physical structure. .analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) - ANSWER-special type of analysis of variance and regression utilized to control for the effect of possible cofounding variable. .analysis of variance (ANOVA) - ANSWER-statistical procedure that determined whether any differences exist between two or more groups of study subjects on one or more factors. "F" test is used. .anaphylaxis - ANSWER-extreme sensitivity and reaction to a foreign substance. .anatomy - ANSWER-study of the basic structures of the body. .ancillary care - ANSWER-supplemental health services that facilitate diagnosis and treatment, including lab work and x-rays. .ANDA - ANSWER-abbreviated new drug application. .androgen - ANSWER-male specific reproductive hormone. .angiotensin - ANSWER-peptide. two forms .angiotensin I - ANSWER-converted to angiotensin 2 by an enzyme. .angiotensin II - ANSWER-constricts blood vessels to increase blood pressure. .antagonism - ANSWER-interaction where one medication may reduce the effects of another medication. .antagonists - ANSWER-drugs that interfere with destructive or undesirable cell functions. .antibody - ANSWER-protein secreted by B cells when they are stimulated by antigen. .antigen - ANSWER-substance, usually protein-based, that stimulated production of antibodies so as to meet the perceived threat. .APAP - ANSWER-acetaminophen (tylenol). .APC - ANSWER-antigen-presenting cell .API - ANSWER-active pharmaceutical ingredient. .approvable letter - ANSWER-letters sent by the FDA to the applicant indicating whether the new drug application meets necessary requirements.