BCEN- respiratory Questions with Detailed Verified Answers (100% Correct Answers) /Already Graded A+

ventilation movement of air in and out of the lungs Diffusion the process by which molecules of gas move from an area of higher ©, 2025 All rights reserved® Exampromax - Stuvia US concentration to an area of lower concentration (alveolar and capillary). if ventilation & perfusion match you get diffusion. If they don't match- VQ mismatch Perfusion (Q) the process of transporting gases to the body (capillary) via the circulatory system. dead space ventilation alveoli receiving ventilation but not perfusion (pulmonary emboli) ... aka air no blood intrapulmonary shunting alveoli receiving perfusion but not ventilation (atelectasis, pneumonia) ... aka blood no air Cheyne-Stokes respiration 2 Exampromax - Stuvia US 2025/2026 pattern of breathing characterized by a gradual increase of depth and sometimes rate to a maximum level, followed by a decrease, resulting in apnea (cyclic crescendo) Central neurogenic hyperventilation a pattern of rapid and deep breathing caused by injury to the brain apneustic breathing Abnormal respiration marked by prolonged inspiration; accompanies ©, 2025 All rights reserved® damage to upper pons. Exampromax - Stuvia US kussmaul's respirations Respirations that are regular but abnormally deep and increased in rate, seen in metabolic acidosis (DKA), blowing off excess co2 biots respirations irregular respirations of variable depth (usually shallow), alternating with periods of apnea Crackles: A common, abnormal respiratory sound consisting of discontinuous bubbling noises heard during inspiration. Fine crackles have a popping sound produced by air entering distal bronchioles or alveoli that contain serious secretions, as in CHF, pneumonia, or early TB. Coarse crackles may originate in the lg bronchi or trachea and have a lower pitch. Crackles are not cleared by coughing. Formerly called rales. 3 Rhonchi Exampromax - Stuvia US 2025/2026 An abnormal sound heard on auscultation of an airway obstructed by thick secretions, muscular spasm, neoplasm, or external pressure. The continuous rumbling sound is more pronounced during expiration and characteristically clears on coughing. PaO2 80-100mmHg, tells you about oxygenation ©, 2025 All rights reserved® pH, base excess Exampromax - Stuvia US 7.35-7.45, -2 - +2, tells you about acid base PaCO2 35-45mmHg Acid Tells you about ventilation/pH HCO3 22-26, base, can go up when you lost acid and down when you gain acid so not necessarily change in base, pH. SaO2 >95%, oxygenation Respiratory Acid Base Regulation 4 Exampromax - Stuvia US 2025/2026 Ventilation (inspiration & expiration) and Diffusion (movement of gases) are responsible for PaC02 levels. Proper acid base balance can be maintained or disrupted by "blowing off" or "retaining" CO2 by increasing or decreasing the respiratory rate and/or depth (minute ventilation Ve). Regulation or disruption in the balance can happen very quickly. Metabolic Acid Base Regulation The kidneys regulate the HC03 level in the blood by functioning as a ©, 2025 All rights reserved® Exampromax - Stuvia US buffer system for the acid base balance. The kidneys will retain or excrete bicarb or hydrogen ions and balance or dissrupt the pH. This system of balance takes longer than the respiratory system. respiratory acidosis pH <7.35, PaCO2 >45, HCO3 22-26 then compensate to HCO3 >26 metabolic acidosis pH <7.35, HCO3 <22, PaCO2 35-45 then compensate to PaCO2 <35