CSO Exam 2025 Questions and
Answers 100% Pass
Ageusia - ✔✔Loss or absence of the sense of taste
Allogenic marrow transplantation - ✔✔Transfer of marrow from donor to another
person who is not genetically identical
Antineoplastic agents - ✔✔Chemical agents (cytotoxics, biotherapies, hormones) or
other agents used to prevent the development, maturation or spread of neoplastic cells
antioxidants - ✔✔molecules (ie. vitamins) that block action of activated oxygen
molecules (free radicals) that can demage cells
autologous marrow transplantation - ✔✔transfer of marrow from the pt's OWN tissue
(from hematopietic stem cells)
cancer cachexia - ✔✔per sample test question:temporal wasting, depleted fat stores,
profound anorexia
Multifactorial syndrome characterized by ongoing loss of skeletal muscle mass,
anorexia, early satiety, wt loss, anemia, edema, fatigue, possible metabolic alterations,
increased inflammatory markers and progressive functional impairment.
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,Pathophysiology characterized by negative protein energy balance driven by variable
combination of reduced food intake and abnormal metabolism
carcinogen - ✔✔an agent (physical, chemical, or viral) that induces CA
carcinogenesis - ✔✔the origin or development of CA, a multistage, biological process
that proceeds on a continuum but is often described in stages of initiation, promotion
and progression
cytokines - ✔✔protein mediators produced by inflammatory cells in response to
exogenous stimuli, produce metabolic changes & wasting
dysgeusia - ✔✔altered taste
graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) - ✔✔a disease caused by the immune response of
histoincompatible, immunocompetent donor cells against the tissues of an
immunoincompetent host; an immuniologic reaction of allogeneic donor cells (graft)
reacting against the pt (host) tissues
evidenced by icterus & abnormal liver functions, severe /secretory diarrhea - may need
total bowel rest --> isomotic, low residue, lactose-free diet --> solids with low lactose,
fiber, fat & acideity, gastric irritants --> regular diet
- usually 3 onths after transplant (but may be 7-10 days post)
hypogeusia - ✔✔decreased taste acuity
initiation - ✔✔the initial stage of tumorigenesis, involving transformation of cellular
DNA
malignant neoplasm - ✔✔mass of cancer cells that invades surrounding tissues or
spreads to distant areas of body
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,metastasis - ✔✔growth of malignant tissue THAT SPREADS to surrounding tissue or
organs
myelosuppression - ✔✔suppression of bone marrow cell production
neutropenia - ✔✔a reduction of WBC (neutrophils) that can be caused by chemo or
XRT, results in increased susceptibility to life-threatening infections
pancytopenia - ✔✔a reduction in all cellular elements of the blood (WBC, RBC, platlets)
phytochemicals - ✔✔nonutritive compounds in plants thought to influence the process
of tumorigenesis.
Compounds in plants (apart from vitamins, minerals, and macronutrients) that have a
beneficial effect the body.
progression - ✔✔the phase in which tumor cells aggregate, grow autonomously and
form benign tumors that eventually lead to malignant phenotype with the capacity for
tissue invasion & mets
Promotion - ✔✔The stage of tumorigenesis in which initiated cells are activated by a
promoting agent to multiply and form a discrete tumor
radiation-induced enteritis - ✔✔a condition of inflammation that can occur after XRT to
the GI tract & that leads to diarrhea & malabsorption
staging - ✔✔a classification system known as TNM that is used to identify the "extent"
of the tumor: its size, the degree of growth & spread;
T - size of tumor
N- degree of spread to lymph nodes
M- presence of mets
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, Tumor necrosis factor - ✔✔a protein that is produced chiefly by monocytes and
macrophages in response especially to endotoxins and that mediates inflammation and
induces the destruction of some tumor cells and the activation of white blood cells
(cachectin, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interferon-y); a hormone-like protein that
releases fat from fat stores, reduces the concentration of enzymes required for the
production and storage of fat & induces a stage of anorexia
veno-occlusive disease (VOD) - ✔✔- transplant related complication
- a symptomatic occlusion of the small hepatic venules caused by hepatotoxins & XRT;
may resolve after removal of the offending agent or may progress to portal HTN & liver
failure
- 1-3 wks post transplant
-hepatomegaly, ascites, jaundice, hepatic failure, encephalopathy & multi-organ failure
Xerostomia - ✔✔mouth dryness
cultural-Halal diet - ✔✔Muslim/Islamic law.
Fasting common
Women have decreased sun exposure 2/2 coverings
forbidden: pork, pork products, gelatin, ETOH (including extracts), diet can be low in
heme iron
cultural-Kosher diet - ✔✔Jewish dietary laws/ Parve:
separate utensils for food prep/eating
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
Answers 100% Pass
Ageusia - ✔✔Loss or absence of the sense of taste
Allogenic marrow transplantation - ✔✔Transfer of marrow from donor to another
person who is not genetically identical
Antineoplastic agents - ✔✔Chemical agents (cytotoxics, biotherapies, hormones) or
other agents used to prevent the development, maturation or spread of neoplastic cells
antioxidants - ✔✔molecules (ie. vitamins) that block action of activated oxygen
molecules (free radicals) that can demage cells
autologous marrow transplantation - ✔✔transfer of marrow from the pt's OWN tissue
(from hematopietic stem cells)
cancer cachexia - ✔✔per sample test question:temporal wasting, depleted fat stores,
profound anorexia
Multifactorial syndrome characterized by ongoing loss of skeletal muscle mass,
anorexia, early satiety, wt loss, anemia, edema, fatigue, possible metabolic alterations,
increased inflammatory markers and progressive functional impairment.
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,Pathophysiology characterized by negative protein energy balance driven by variable
combination of reduced food intake and abnormal metabolism
carcinogen - ✔✔an agent (physical, chemical, or viral) that induces CA
carcinogenesis - ✔✔the origin or development of CA, a multistage, biological process
that proceeds on a continuum but is often described in stages of initiation, promotion
and progression
cytokines - ✔✔protein mediators produced by inflammatory cells in response to
exogenous stimuli, produce metabolic changes & wasting
dysgeusia - ✔✔altered taste
graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) - ✔✔a disease caused by the immune response of
histoincompatible, immunocompetent donor cells against the tissues of an
immunoincompetent host; an immuniologic reaction of allogeneic donor cells (graft)
reacting against the pt (host) tissues
evidenced by icterus & abnormal liver functions, severe /secretory diarrhea - may need
total bowel rest --> isomotic, low residue, lactose-free diet --> solids with low lactose,
fiber, fat & acideity, gastric irritants --> regular diet
- usually 3 onths after transplant (but may be 7-10 days post)
hypogeusia - ✔✔decreased taste acuity
initiation - ✔✔the initial stage of tumorigenesis, involving transformation of cellular
DNA
malignant neoplasm - ✔✔mass of cancer cells that invades surrounding tissues or
spreads to distant areas of body
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,metastasis - ✔✔growth of malignant tissue THAT SPREADS to surrounding tissue or
organs
myelosuppression - ✔✔suppression of bone marrow cell production
neutropenia - ✔✔a reduction of WBC (neutrophils) that can be caused by chemo or
XRT, results in increased susceptibility to life-threatening infections
pancytopenia - ✔✔a reduction in all cellular elements of the blood (WBC, RBC, platlets)
phytochemicals - ✔✔nonutritive compounds in plants thought to influence the process
of tumorigenesis.
Compounds in plants (apart from vitamins, minerals, and macronutrients) that have a
beneficial effect the body.
progression - ✔✔the phase in which tumor cells aggregate, grow autonomously and
form benign tumors that eventually lead to malignant phenotype with the capacity for
tissue invasion & mets
Promotion - ✔✔The stage of tumorigenesis in which initiated cells are activated by a
promoting agent to multiply and form a discrete tumor
radiation-induced enteritis - ✔✔a condition of inflammation that can occur after XRT to
the GI tract & that leads to diarrhea & malabsorption
staging - ✔✔a classification system known as TNM that is used to identify the "extent"
of the tumor: its size, the degree of growth & spread;
T - size of tumor
N- degree of spread to lymph nodes
M- presence of mets
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, Tumor necrosis factor - ✔✔a protein that is produced chiefly by monocytes and
macrophages in response especially to endotoxins and that mediates inflammation and
induces the destruction of some tumor cells and the activation of white blood cells
(cachectin, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interferon-y); a hormone-like protein that
releases fat from fat stores, reduces the concentration of enzymes required for the
production and storage of fat & induces a stage of anorexia
veno-occlusive disease (VOD) - ✔✔- transplant related complication
- a symptomatic occlusion of the small hepatic venules caused by hepatotoxins & XRT;
may resolve after removal of the offending agent or may progress to portal HTN & liver
failure
- 1-3 wks post transplant
-hepatomegaly, ascites, jaundice, hepatic failure, encephalopathy & multi-organ failure
Xerostomia - ✔✔mouth dryness
cultural-Halal diet - ✔✔Muslim/Islamic law.
Fasting common
Women have decreased sun exposure 2/2 coverings
forbidden: pork, pork products, gelatin, ETOH (including extracts), diet can be low in
heme iron
cultural-Kosher diet - ✔✔Jewish dietary laws/ Parve:
separate utensils for food prep/eating
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
