CSO Exam 2025 Questions and
Answers
Ageusia - ✔✔Loss or absence of the sense of taste
Allogenic marrow transplantation - ✔✔Transfer of marrow from donor to another
person who is not genetically identical
Antineoplastic agents - ✔✔Chemical agents (cytotoxics, immuniologic preparations,
hormones) or meds used to prevent the development, maturation or spread of
neoplastic cells
antioxidants - ✔✔molecules (ie. vitamins) that blcok action of activated oxygen
molecules (free radicals) that can demage cells
antologous marrow transplantation - ✔✔transfer of marrow from the pt's own tissue
(from hematopietic stem cells)
cancer cachexia - ✔✔wt loss, anorexia, wasting, immunosuppression, altered BMR,
abnormalitis in fluid & energy metabolism, lessening of the body's fat & muscle stores
that accompanies advanced CA even with adequate nutrition.
carcinogen - ✔✔an agent (physical, chemical, or viral) that induces CA
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,carcinogenesis - ✔✔the origin or development of CA, a multistage, biological process
that proceeds on a continuum but is often described in stages of initiation, promotion
and progression
cytokines - ✔✔protein mediators produced by inflammatory cells in response to
exogenous stimuli, produce metabolic changes & wating
dysgeusia - ✔✔impaired taste
graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) - ✔✔a dz caused by the immune response of
histoincompatible, immunocompetent donor cells against the tissues of an
immunoincompetent host; an immuniologic reaction of allogeneic donor cells (graft)
reacting against the pt (host) tissues
evidenced by icterus & abnormal liver functions, severe /secretory diarrhea - may need
total bowel rest --> isomotic, low residue, lactose-free diet --> solids with low lactose,
fiber, fat & acideity, gastric irritants --> regular diet
- usually 3 onths after transplant (but may be 7-10 days post)
hypogeusia - ✔✔decreased taste acuity
initiation - ✔✔the initial stage of tumorigenesis, involving transformation of cellular
DNA
malignant neoplasm - ✔✔mass of CA cells that invades surrounding tissues or spreads
to distant areas of body
metastasis - ✔✔growth of malignant tissue that spreads to surrounding tissue or organs
myelosuppression - ✔✔suppression of bone marrow cell production
neutropenia - ✔✔a reduction of WBC (neutrophils) that can be caused by chemo or
XRT, results in increased susceptibility to life-threatening infections
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, pancytopenia - ✔✔a reduction in all cellular elements of the blood
phytochemicals - ✔✔nonutritive compounds in plants though to influence the process
of tumorigenesis
progression - ✔✔the phase in which tumor cells aggregate, grow autonomously and
form benign tumors that eventually lead to malignant phenotype with the capacity for
tissue invasion & mets
Promotion - ✔✔The stage of tumorigenesis in which initiated cells are activated by a
promoting agent to multiply and form a discrete tumor
radiation-induced enteritis - ✔✔a condition of inflammation that can occur after XRT to
the GI tract & that leads to diarrhea & malabsorption
staging - ✔✔a classification system known as TNM that is used to identify the "extent"
of the tumor: its size, the degree of growth & spread; T - size of tumor, N- degree of
spread to lymph nodes; M- presence of mets
Tumor necrosis factor - ✔✔(cachectin, interluckin-1, interleukin-6, interferon-y); a
hormone-like protein that releases fat from fat stores, reduces the concentration of
enzymes required for the production and storage of fat & induces a stage of anorexia
veno-occlusive disease (VOD) - ✔✔- transplant related complication
- a symptomatic occlusion of the small hepatic venules caused by hepatotoxins & XRT;
may resolve after removal of the offending agent or may progress to portal HTN & liver
failure
- 1-3 wks post transplant
-hepatomegaly, ascites, jaundice, hepatic failure, encephalopathy & multi-organ failure
Xerostomia - ✔✔mouth dryness
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
Answers
Ageusia - ✔✔Loss or absence of the sense of taste
Allogenic marrow transplantation - ✔✔Transfer of marrow from donor to another
person who is not genetically identical
Antineoplastic agents - ✔✔Chemical agents (cytotoxics, immuniologic preparations,
hormones) or meds used to prevent the development, maturation or spread of
neoplastic cells
antioxidants - ✔✔molecules (ie. vitamins) that blcok action of activated oxygen
molecules (free radicals) that can demage cells
antologous marrow transplantation - ✔✔transfer of marrow from the pt's own tissue
(from hematopietic stem cells)
cancer cachexia - ✔✔wt loss, anorexia, wasting, immunosuppression, altered BMR,
abnormalitis in fluid & energy metabolism, lessening of the body's fat & muscle stores
that accompanies advanced CA even with adequate nutrition.
carcinogen - ✔✔an agent (physical, chemical, or viral) that induces CA
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,carcinogenesis - ✔✔the origin or development of CA, a multistage, biological process
that proceeds on a continuum but is often described in stages of initiation, promotion
and progression
cytokines - ✔✔protein mediators produced by inflammatory cells in response to
exogenous stimuli, produce metabolic changes & wating
dysgeusia - ✔✔impaired taste
graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) - ✔✔a dz caused by the immune response of
histoincompatible, immunocompetent donor cells against the tissues of an
immunoincompetent host; an immuniologic reaction of allogeneic donor cells (graft)
reacting against the pt (host) tissues
evidenced by icterus & abnormal liver functions, severe /secretory diarrhea - may need
total bowel rest --> isomotic, low residue, lactose-free diet --> solids with low lactose,
fiber, fat & acideity, gastric irritants --> regular diet
- usually 3 onths after transplant (but may be 7-10 days post)
hypogeusia - ✔✔decreased taste acuity
initiation - ✔✔the initial stage of tumorigenesis, involving transformation of cellular
DNA
malignant neoplasm - ✔✔mass of CA cells that invades surrounding tissues or spreads
to distant areas of body
metastasis - ✔✔growth of malignant tissue that spreads to surrounding tissue or organs
myelosuppression - ✔✔suppression of bone marrow cell production
neutropenia - ✔✔a reduction of WBC (neutrophils) that can be caused by chemo or
XRT, results in increased susceptibility to life-threatening infections
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, pancytopenia - ✔✔a reduction in all cellular elements of the blood
phytochemicals - ✔✔nonutritive compounds in plants though to influence the process
of tumorigenesis
progression - ✔✔the phase in which tumor cells aggregate, grow autonomously and
form benign tumors that eventually lead to malignant phenotype with the capacity for
tissue invasion & mets
Promotion - ✔✔The stage of tumorigenesis in which initiated cells are activated by a
promoting agent to multiply and form a discrete tumor
radiation-induced enteritis - ✔✔a condition of inflammation that can occur after XRT to
the GI tract & that leads to diarrhea & malabsorption
staging - ✔✔a classification system known as TNM that is used to identify the "extent"
of the tumor: its size, the degree of growth & spread; T - size of tumor, N- degree of
spread to lymph nodes; M- presence of mets
Tumor necrosis factor - ✔✔(cachectin, interluckin-1, interleukin-6, interferon-y); a
hormone-like protein that releases fat from fat stores, reduces the concentration of
enzymes required for the production and storage of fat & induces a stage of anorexia
veno-occlusive disease (VOD) - ✔✔- transplant related complication
- a symptomatic occlusion of the small hepatic venules caused by hepatotoxins & XRT;
may resolve after removal of the offending agent or may progress to portal HTN & liver
failure
- 1-3 wks post transplant
-hepatomegaly, ascites, jaundice, hepatic failure, encephalopathy & multi-organ failure
Xerostomia - ✔✔mouth dryness
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
