CSO exam final 2025 Questions and
Answers
tool for assessing nutrition impact symptoms - ✔✔the national cancer institutes
common terminology for adverse events (CTCAE)
grade 1 severity of adverse events - ✔✔mild: asymptomatic or mild symptoms, clinical
or diagnostic observations only, intervention not indicated
grade 2 severity of adverse events - ✔✔moderate: minimal, local, or noninvasive
intervention indicated ; limiting age appropriate instrumental activities of daily living
(ADL)
grade 3 severity of adverse events - ✔✔severe or medically significant, but not
immediately life threatening, hospitalization or prolonging of hospitalization indicated,
disabling, limiting self care ADL
grade 4 severity of adverse events - ✔✔life threatening consequences, urgent
intervention indicated
grade 5 severity of adverse events - ✔✔death related to adverse events
anorexia and early satiety severity grade 1 - ✔✔1. loss of appetite without alteration in
eating habits
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,anorexia and early satiety severity grade 2 - ✔✔oral intake altered without significant
weight loss or malnutrition, ONS indicated
anorexia and early satiety severity grade 3 - ✔✔significant wt loss or malnutrition, EN
or PN indicated
anorexia and early satiety severity grade 4 - ✔✔life threatening consequences , urgent
interventions indicated
anorexia and early satiety interventionss - ✔✔small frequent meals
schedule meals and snacks
max intake at time of day with best appetite
use ONS
consume liquids between meals not with meals
enhance nutrient density of meals
use easy prep foods
keep convenience foods on hand
approach eating as part of treatment
engage in light physical activity
anorexia and early satiety pharmacotherapy - ✔✔anti histamines - cyproheptadine
(periactin) in children
corticosteroids - dexamethasone
progestational agents - provera, megace
pro kinetic agents - reglan
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,cannabinoids - dronabinol (Marinol), liquefied (syndros), nabilone (cesamet)
antidepressants- remeron
change in taste and smell severity grade 1 - ✔✔altered taste but no change in diet
change in taste and smell severity grade 2 - ✔✔altered taste with no change in diet,
unpleasant taste, loss of taste
change in taste and smell interventions - little flavor or off taste - ✔✔fruity or salty
flavor
marinades for meats
add herbs, spices, lemon, vinegar, pickles, strongly flavored sauces, condiments
change in taste and smell interventions - bitter, acidic, metallic - ✔✔sweet fruits with
meals
drink sweet or sour beverages (lemonade, apple juice, cranberry juice, sweet tea)
use strongly flavored spices or seasonings, such as onion, garlic, or chili powder
use sugar free lemon drops, gum, or mints to improve mouth taste
choose alternative protein sources such as chicken, eggs, tofu, dairy, nuts, beans
use bamboo or plastic silverware
change in taste and smell interventions - salty - ✔✔choose foods that are naturally
sweet
eat boiled foods
use low sodium recipes
change in taste and smell interventions - sweet - ✔✔choose bland or sour flavors
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, dilute juice or over ice
choose veg over fruit
change in taste and smell interventions - smells - ✔✔eat cold or room temp foods
avoid strong odor foods
avoid cooking areas during prep
avoid lengthy cook process - crockpots
use cup with lid and straw to reduce exposure to flavor and odor
change in taste and smell interventions
change in taste and smell pharmacotherapy - ✔✔cleansing rinse - 4 cups water with 1
tsp baking soda and 3/4 tsp sat
investigational products - synsepalum supplements (miracle fruit) may help reduce
bitter, acidic, metallic taste
- herbal tea gymnema sylvestra may inhibit sweet taste
- zn has not been proven to help
constipation severity grade 1 - ✔✔occasional or intermittent symptoms - occasional use
of lax, stool softeners, enemas, dietary mods
constipation severity grade 2 - ✔✔persistent symptoms with regular use of lax or
enemas, limiting instrumental ADLs
constipation severity grade 3 - ✔✔manual evacuation indicated, limiting self care ADLs
constipation severity grade 4 - ✔✔life threatening, urgent intervention indicated
constipation interventions - ✔✔8-10 cups fluid minimum
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
Answers
tool for assessing nutrition impact symptoms - ✔✔the national cancer institutes
common terminology for adverse events (CTCAE)
grade 1 severity of adverse events - ✔✔mild: asymptomatic or mild symptoms, clinical
or diagnostic observations only, intervention not indicated
grade 2 severity of adverse events - ✔✔moderate: minimal, local, or noninvasive
intervention indicated ; limiting age appropriate instrumental activities of daily living
(ADL)
grade 3 severity of adverse events - ✔✔severe or medically significant, but not
immediately life threatening, hospitalization or prolonging of hospitalization indicated,
disabling, limiting self care ADL
grade 4 severity of adverse events - ✔✔life threatening consequences, urgent
intervention indicated
grade 5 severity of adverse events - ✔✔death related to adverse events
anorexia and early satiety severity grade 1 - ✔✔1. loss of appetite without alteration in
eating habits
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,anorexia and early satiety severity grade 2 - ✔✔oral intake altered without significant
weight loss or malnutrition, ONS indicated
anorexia and early satiety severity grade 3 - ✔✔significant wt loss or malnutrition, EN
or PN indicated
anorexia and early satiety severity grade 4 - ✔✔life threatening consequences , urgent
interventions indicated
anorexia and early satiety interventionss - ✔✔small frequent meals
schedule meals and snacks
max intake at time of day with best appetite
use ONS
consume liquids between meals not with meals
enhance nutrient density of meals
use easy prep foods
keep convenience foods on hand
approach eating as part of treatment
engage in light physical activity
anorexia and early satiety pharmacotherapy - ✔✔anti histamines - cyproheptadine
(periactin) in children
corticosteroids - dexamethasone
progestational agents - provera, megace
pro kinetic agents - reglan
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,cannabinoids - dronabinol (Marinol), liquefied (syndros), nabilone (cesamet)
antidepressants- remeron
change in taste and smell severity grade 1 - ✔✔altered taste but no change in diet
change in taste and smell severity grade 2 - ✔✔altered taste with no change in diet,
unpleasant taste, loss of taste
change in taste and smell interventions - little flavor or off taste - ✔✔fruity or salty
flavor
marinades for meats
add herbs, spices, lemon, vinegar, pickles, strongly flavored sauces, condiments
change in taste and smell interventions - bitter, acidic, metallic - ✔✔sweet fruits with
meals
drink sweet or sour beverages (lemonade, apple juice, cranberry juice, sweet tea)
use strongly flavored spices or seasonings, such as onion, garlic, or chili powder
use sugar free lemon drops, gum, or mints to improve mouth taste
choose alternative protein sources such as chicken, eggs, tofu, dairy, nuts, beans
use bamboo or plastic silverware
change in taste and smell interventions - salty - ✔✔choose foods that are naturally
sweet
eat boiled foods
use low sodium recipes
change in taste and smell interventions - sweet - ✔✔choose bland or sour flavors
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, dilute juice or over ice
choose veg over fruit
change in taste and smell interventions - smells - ✔✔eat cold or room temp foods
avoid strong odor foods
avoid cooking areas during prep
avoid lengthy cook process - crockpots
use cup with lid and straw to reduce exposure to flavor and odor
change in taste and smell interventions
change in taste and smell pharmacotherapy - ✔✔cleansing rinse - 4 cups water with 1
tsp baking soda and 3/4 tsp sat
investigational products - synsepalum supplements (miracle fruit) may help reduce
bitter, acidic, metallic taste
- herbal tea gymnema sylvestra may inhibit sweet taste
- zn has not been proven to help
constipation severity grade 1 - ✔✔occasional or intermittent symptoms - occasional use
of lax, stool softeners, enemas, dietary mods
constipation severity grade 2 - ✔✔persistent symptoms with regular use of lax or
enemas, limiting instrumental ADLs
constipation severity grade 3 - ✔✔manual evacuation indicated, limiting self care ADLs
constipation severity grade 4 - ✔✔life threatening, urgent intervention indicated
constipation interventions - ✔✔8-10 cups fluid minimum
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
