COSC 475 FINAL EXAM 2025
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
100% PASS
Activity - ✔✔A task or process to be accomplished in a set period of time as part of
working toward a larger project goal. An **** can be assigned to a resource(s) and have
an associated cost. **** are ordered with logic links.
Actual Cost - ✔✔The real amount paid of incurred for labor or materials.
Bar Chart - ✔✔A chart on which activities are represented by Bars. The Bars length is
represented by the activity Duration, and is lined-up on a X-axis time scale.
Base Line - ✔✔A set of dates and costs frozen at the start of the project and used as a
basis for performance evaluation as the project progresses.
Budgeted Cost - ✔✔The amount planned ahead and placed aside to execute an activity
or an entire project from start to finish.
Cost Breakdown Structure (CBS) - ✔✔A breakdown of the project into cost elements for
cost control planning. A **** will deconstruct a project into various cost elements or
types such as area, phase, discipline, or materials.
Critical Activity - ✔✔An activity that is on the project's critical path.
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
, Critical Path - ✔✔The sequence of network activities which add up to the longest
overall duration. This determines the shortest time possible to complete the project.
Date Constraint - ✔✔A date restriction imposed on an activity's start or finish date in
scheduling software. Applying a **** will swap the computed date to a date imposed by
the user. Often used to impose deadlines or to delay activities in a schedule
Direct Labor - ✔✔(1) Labor which can be directly related/allocated to the output of a
productive account or cost center, compared with indirect labor which is not directly
related to output. (2) Labor employed directly by owner or main contractor, as opposed
to sub-contract labor
Duration - ✔✔The number of calendar periods it takes (or is estimated to take) from the
time the execution of an element starts to the moment it is completed.
Estimate - ✔✔Evaluation of expected quantities, time and man-hours, with allowances
and provisions for expected unknowns.
Estimated Cost - ✔✔An approximated cost derived through a cost estimation technique
such as using historical or empirical methods.
Float - ✔✔**** the amount of time that an activity in a project network can be delayed
without causing a delay to: subsequent tasks (free ****) or the project completion date
(total ****)
Indirects - ✔✔**** costs are costs that are not directly accountable to an activity or work
package. **** costs may be either fixed or variable. **** costs include administration and
personnel. These are those costs which are not directly related to production. Some ****
costs may be overhead. But some overhead costs can be directly attributed to a project
and are direct costs.
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
100% PASS
Activity - ✔✔A task or process to be accomplished in a set period of time as part of
working toward a larger project goal. An **** can be assigned to a resource(s) and have
an associated cost. **** are ordered with logic links.
Actual Cost - ✔✔The real amount paid of incurred for labor or materials.
Bar Chart - ✔✔A chart on which activities are represented by Bars. The Bars length is
represented by the activity Duration, and is lined-up on a X-axis time scale.
Base Line - ✔✔A set of dates and costs frozen at the start of the project and used as a
basis for performance evaluation as the project progresses.
Budgeted Cost - ✔✔The amount planned ahead and placed aside to execute an activity
or an entire project from start to finish.
Cost Breakdown Structure (CBS) - ✔✔A breakdown of the project into cost elements for
cost control planning. A **** will deconstruct a project into various cost elements or
types such as area, phase, discipline, or materials.
Critical Activity - ✔✔An activity that is on the project's critical path.
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
, Critical Path - ✔✔The sequence of network activities which add up to the longest
overall duration. This determines the shortest time possible to complete the project.
Date Constraint - ✔✔A date restriction imposed on an activity's start or finish date in
scheduling software. Applying a **** will swap the computed date to a date imposed by
the user. Often used to impose deadlines or to delay activities in a schedule
Direct Labor - ✔✔(1) Labor which can be directly related/allocated to the output of a
productive account or cost center, compared with indirect labor which is not directly
related to output. (2) Labor employed directly by owner or main contractor, as opposed
to sub-contract labor
Duration - ✔✔The number of calendar periods it takes (or is estimated to take) from the
time the execution of an element starts to the moment it is completed.
Estimate - ✔✔Evaluation of expected quantities, time and man-hours, with allowances
and provisions for expected unknowns.
Estimated Cost - ✔✔An approximated cost derived through a cost estimation technique
such as using historical or empirical methods.
Float - ✔✔**** the amount of time that an activity in a project network can be delayed
without causing a delay to: subsequent tasks (free ****) or the project completion date
(total ****)
Indirects - ✔✔**** costs are costs that are not directly accountable to an activity or work
package. **** costs may be either fixed or variable. **** costs include administration and
personnel. These are those costs which are not directly related to production. Some ****
costs may be overhead. But some overhead costs can be directly attributed to a project
and are direct costs.
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
