CEFM
CEFM EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2025
EFM is an __________ measurement assessment answering is the ________ ________-
_________________ -Correct Answer ✔Indirect
Fetus, well-oxygenated
What are direct measurements of fetal oxygenation? What are these methods superior
to? -Correct Answer ✔Cord ABGs and blood sampling, these are superior to APGARs
What is an US? -Correct Answer ✔Reflected waves
What is the most accurate way of measuring fetal arrhythmias (direct sound)? -Correct
Answer ✔Fetoscope
EFM is poor at ______________ recognition and reliable to predict ___________ fetal
______ -Correct Answer ✔Deoxygenation
Normal pH
With moderate variability with or without __________ predictive of what? -Correct
Answer ✔Accelerations
Normal umbilical ABGs
What does moderate variability mean? -Correct Answer ✔The fetus is well-oxygenated
at that point in time. It's all about variability. Assurance of no fetal metabolic acidemia
What is the paper speed of the EFM paper? -Correct Answer ✔3cm per minute
CEFM
,CEFM
Don't turn off _____________ on EFM monitor because it allows what? -Correct Answer
✔Autocorrelation
Allows for variability to be assessed
What can accelerations reliably predict? -Correct Answer ✔Absence of acidemia
What does absence of accelerations not mean? -Correct Answer ✔We can't reliably
predict that fetus is acidotic so we don't have to have them for baby to be well-
oxygenated
Minimal or absent variability can't reliably predict that the fetus ____ ___________ -
Correct Answer ✔Is acidotic
This doesn't mean there aren't concerns but it doesn't mean there always is.
Why is it concerning for a magnesium patient to have absent variability? -Correct
Answer ✔if there's absent variability and you're told it's because they're on mag, this
isn't true. Something else is going on.
minimal variability is associated with _______ (___-___ minutes), __________,
_____________, ___________, _________________, fetal ___________,
______________ -Correct Answer ✔Sleep (20-60 minutes), narcotics, magnesium,
steroids, hypoxia, fetal acidemia, prematurity
EFM is a visual representation of __________ _________________ not
______________________. When there's challenged ____________ we see
___________________ and concerns of possible ______________________ -Correct
Answer ✔Fetal oxygenation
Deoxygenation;oxygen
CEFM
,CEFM
Compensation;deoxygenation
US and FSE both yield what? -Correct Answer ✔Baseline and variability
What can require adjustments of US? -Correct Answer ✔Adipose tissue and maternal
and fetal movement
How does the US differ from auscultation? -Correct Answer ✔It provides a record
How can the US be troubleshooted? -Correct Answer ✔Applying sufficient gel, Leopold's
maneuver to find the fetal back because this is where FHTs are best heard, apply FSE,
use US to view fetus, reposition mom
How should mom be repositioned and why? -Correct Answer ✔To side. CO is actually
slightly higher on right side. There should always be a slight tilt under their hip like a
wedge or a pillow to keep weight of fetus off vena cava so there's more return to the
heart.
What role does side-lying position have in fetal oxygenation? -Correct Answer ✔There
will be more volume perfusing to the uterus, then the placenta and ultimately baby.
What does EFM do with twins? -Correct Answer ✔Separates twin FHRs about 20 beats
from each other, will also place a "marker" or "coincidence" if 2 rates match each other-
twins or moms
What effect does pregnancy have on maternal HR? -Correct Answer ✔During pregnancy
maternal HR can increase 15-20 beats and can be close to normal FHR range meaning
the monitor could have some signal ambiguity and mistaking maternal HR for fetal. This
is seen more with breech babies.
CEFM
, CEFM
How does FSE measure FHR? -Correct Answer ✔R-R interval
What risk can FSE have? Who is it contraindicated in? -Correct Answer
✔Invasive/infection risk
No Hs- Hepatitis, herpes, HIV, fetal hemophilia, Previa
Who is not recommended to have FSE? -Correct Answer ✔GBS+ not completely
contraindicated. Weigh risks vs benefits
What should be assessed prior to FSE placement? -Correct Answer ✔Presenting part,
requires ROM
Why should presenting part be identified prior to FSE placement? -Correct Answer ✔Risk
of potentially being placed on fetal face or brow, etc. so know presenting part. Avoid
fontanels and suture lines
Where can an FSE trace? -Correct Answer ✔This will trace on fetal face, buttocks
When can maternal HR trace when an FSE is placed? -Correct Answer ✔in the case of
fetal demise or if placed on cervix
FSE ultimately can allow for? -Correct Answer ✔easier time tracing and potentially more
freedom of movement.
Approximately how much should a patient be dilated for FSE placement? -Correct
Answer ✔2cm
CEFM
CEFM EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2025
EFM is an __________ measurement assessment answering is the ________ ________-
_________________ -Correct Answer ✔Indirect
Fetus, well-oxygenated
What are direct measurements of fetal oxygenation? What are these methods superior
to? -Correct Answer ✔Cord ABGs and blood sampling, these are superior to APGARs
What is an US? -Correct Answer ✔Reflected waves
What is the most accurate way of measuring fetal arrhythmias (direct sound)? -Correct
Answer ✔Fetoscope
EFM is poor at ______________ recognition and reliable to predict ___________ fetal
______ -Correct Answer ✔Deoxygenation
Normal pH
With moderate variability with or without __________ predictive of what? -Correct
Answer ✔Accelerations
Normal umbilical ABGs
What does moderate variability mean? -Correct Answer ✔The fetus is well-oxygenated
at that point in time. It's all about variability. Assurance of no fetal metabolic acidemia
What is the paper speed of the EFM paper? -Correct Answer ✔3cm per minute
CEFM
,CEFM
Don't turn off _____________ on EFM monitor because it allows what? -Correct Answer
✔Autocorrelation
Allows for variability to be assessed
What can accelerations reliably predict? -Correct Answer ✔Absence of acidemia
What does absence of accelerations not mean? -Correct Answer ✔We can't reliably
predict that fetus is acidotic so we don't have to have them for baby to be well-
oxygenated
Minimal or absent variability can't reliably predict that the fetus ____ ___________ -
Correct Answer ✔Is acidotic
This doesn't mean there aren't concerns but it doesn't mean there always is.
Why is it concerning for a magnesium patient to have absent variability? -Correct
Answer ✔if there's absent variability and you're told it's because they're on mag, this
isn't true. Something else is going on.
minimal variability is associated with _______ (___-___ minutes), __________,
_____________, ___________, _________________, fetal ___________,
______________ -Correct Answer ✔Sleep (20-60 minutes), narcotics, magnesium,
steroids, hypoxia, fetal acidemia, prematurity
EFM is a visual representation of __________ _________________ not
______________________. When there's challenged ____________ we see
___________________ and concerns of possible ______________________ -Correct
Answer ✔Fetal oxygenation
Deoxygenation;oxygen
CEFM
,CEFM
Compensation;deoxygenation
US and FSE both yield what? -Correct Answer ✔Baseline and variability
What can require adjustments of US? -Correct Answer ✔Adipose tissue and maternal
and fetal movement
How does the US differ from auscultation? -Correct Answer ✔It provides a record
How can the US be troubleshooted? -Correct Answer ✔Applying sufficient gel, Leopold's
maneuver to find the fetal back because this is where FHTs are best heard, apply FSE,
use US to view fetus, reposition mom
How should mom be repositioned and why? -Correct Answer ✔To side. CO is actually
slightly higher on right side. There should always be a slight tilt under their hip like a
wedge or a pillow to keep weight of fetus off vena cava so there's more return to the
heart.
What role does side-lying position have in fetal oxygenation? -Correct Answer ✔There
will be more volume perfusing to the uterus, then the placenta and ultimately baby.
What does EFM do with twins? -Correct Answer ✔Separates twin FHRs about 20 beats
from each other, will also place a "marker" or "coincidence" if 2 rates match each other-
twins or moms
What effect does pregnancy have on maternal HR? -Correct Answer ✔During pregnancy
maternal HR can increase 15-20 beats and can be close to normal FHR range meaning
the monitor could have some signal ambiguity and mistaking maternal HR for fetal. This
is seen more with breech babies.
CEFM
, CEFM
How does FSE measure FHR? -Correct Answer ✔R-R interval
What risk can FSE have? Who is it contraindicated in? -Correct Answer
✔Invasive/infection risk
No Hs- Hepatitis, herpes, HIV, fetal hemophilia, Previa
Who is not recommended to have FSE? -Correct Answer ✔GBS+ not completely
contraindicated. Weigh risks vs benefits
What should be assessed prior to FSE placement? -Correct Answer ✔Presenting part,
requires ROM
Why should presenting part be identified prior to FSE placement? -Correct Answer ✔Risk
of potentially being placed on fetal face or brow, etc. so know presenting part. Avoid
fontanels and suture lines
Where can an FSE trace? -Correct Answer ✔This will trace on fetal face, buttocks
When can maternal HR trace when an FSE is placed? -Correct Answer ✔in the case of
fetal demise or if placed on cervix
FSE ultimately can allow for? -Correct Answer ✔easier time tracing and potentially more
freedom of movement.
Approximately how much should a patient be dilated for FSE placement? -Correct
Answer ✔2cm
CEFM
