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Biology 116 Final Exam Questions and
Answers 100% Pass
Determination of what DNA is made of - ANS Hershey and Chase marked Virus's with two
different radioactive molecules (32p labels DNA, 35s labels protein)
32p was found only inside of infected cells
35s was found in ghost shells
Nucleic Acid - ANS polymer of nucleotide monomer
Nucleotide - ANS phosphate group+ sugar+ base
synthesized from nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs)
Nucleoside - ANS sugar + base
Ribose - ANS found in RNA
contains additional O on 2' end
Deoxyribose - ANS found in DNA
no O on 2' end
1
, ©JASONMcCONNELL 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Purines - ANS Guanine and Adenine (double ring)
Pyrimidines - ANS Cytosine Uracil and Thymine (single ring)
Polymerization of of Nucleotides - ANS 3' hydroxyl group in the sugar links with the
phosphate group of another nucleotide
Dehydration reaction
Polarity of Nucleic acids - ANS has polarity extending from free 5' to 3' end
Watson and Crick model of DNA secondary structure - ANS has exterior sugar-phosphate
backbone with bases facing each other in the interior
Bases of two strands bond Via H bonds
There are hydrophobic interactions between bases of adjacent nucleotides
Strands are antiparallel
Base Bonds - ANS G-C triple bond
A-T double bond
Three Hypothesis for DNA replication - ANS semiconservative replication (right)
conservative replication
dispersive replication
DNA replication - ANS DNA polymerase Catalyzes DNA synthesis
DNA polymerase requires an OH group to bind to
DNA grows on the 3' end
Origin of replication is where the replication starts
2
, ©JASONMcCONNELL 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Usually more A-T at origin
dNTP deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate - ANS precursor for DNucleotides
Types of DNA polymerase - ANS DNA polymerase 1 and 3 complete DNA replication
DNA polymerase 2 repairs DNA
Helicase - ANS Breaks H bonds between DNA strands
SSBPs (single strand DNA binding proteins) - ANS stabalizes single strands of DNA after bonds
are broken
Keeps the strands seperate
Topoisomerase - ANS cuts and rejoins DNA downstream to relieve tension force
Primase - ANS Synthesizes RNA primer
creates a short stretch of ribonucleotides that are complimentary to the origin of repication
How is the leading strand synthesized - ANS the leading strand is synthesized continuously in
the 5' to 3' direction
RNA primer - ANS provides 3'OH group for DNA pol to synthesize DNA
Lagging strand synthesis - ANS synthesized discontinuously in the direction away from the
replication fork
synthesized in short discontinuous strands called Ozaki fragments
After second O frag is synthesized DNA polymerase I removes RNA primer and replaces it with
DNucleotides
3
Biology 116 Final Exam Questions and
Answers 100% Pass
Determination of what DNA is made of - ANS Hershey and Chase marked Virus's with two
different radioactive molecules (32p labels DNA, 35s labels protein)
32p was found only inside of infected cells
35s was found in ghost shells
Nucleic Acid - ANS polymer of nucleotide monomer
Nucleotide - ANS phosphate group+ sugar+ base
synthesized from nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs)
Nucleoside - ANS sugar + base
Ribose - ANS found in RNA
contains additional O on 2' end
Deoxyribose - ANS found in DNA
no O on 2' end
1
, ©JASONMcCONNELL 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Purines - ANS Guanine and Adenine (double ring)
Pyrimidines - ANS Cytosine Uracil and Thymine (single ring)
Polymerization of of Nucleotides - ANS 3' hydroxyl group in the sugar links with the
phosphate group of another nucleotide
Dehydration reaction
Polarity of Nucleic acids - ANS has polarity extending from free 5' to 3' end
Watson and Crick model of DNA secondary structure - ANS has exterior sugar-phosphate
backbone with bases facing each other in the interior
Bases of two strands bond Via H bonds
There are hydrophobic interactions between bases of adjacent nucleotides
Strands are antiparallel
Base Bonds - ANS G-C triple bond
A-T double bond
Three Hypothesis for DNA replication - ANS semiconservative replication (right)
conservative replication
dispersive replication
DNA replication - ANS DNA polymerase Catalyzes DNA synthesis
DNA polymerase requires an OH group to bind to
DNA grows on the 3' end
Origin of replication is where the replication starts
2
, ©JASONMcCONNELL 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Usually more A-T at origin
dNTP deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate - ANS precursor for DNucleotides
Types of DNA polymerase - ANS DNA polymerase 1 and 3 complete DNA replication
DNA polymerase 2 repairs DNA
Helicase - ANS Breaks H bonds between DNA strands
SSBPs (single strand DNA binding proteins) - ANS stabalizes single strands of DNA after bonds
are broken
Keeps the strands seperate
Topoisomerase - ANS cuts and rejoins DNA downstream to relieve tension force
Primase - ANS Synthesizes RNA primer
creates a short stretch of ribonucleotides that are complimentary to the origin of repication
How is the leading strand synthesized - ANS the leading strand is synthesized continuously in
the 5' to 3' direction
RNA primer - ANS provides 3'OH group for DNA pol to synthesize DNA
Lagging strand synthesis - ANS synthesized discontinuously in the direction away from the
replication fork
synthesized in short discontinuous strands called Ozaki fragments
After second O frag is synthesized DNA polymerase I removes RNA primer and replaces it with
DNucleotides
3
