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WGU D236 pathophysiology Exam -
Study Guide-With 100% verified
answers-2024-2025
WGU Pathophysiology D236
Describe how your body responds to an infection.
T cells produce cytokines, which stimulate B cells. B cells produce antibodies.
Identify role of DNA changes in congenital abnormalities.
Mutations in genes or chromosomal abnormalities
How does development disrupts congenital abnormalities?
Alterations of DNA
Describes factors that disrupt homeostasis and how disruptions affect wellbeing.
(ex) Fluid and electrolyte shifts can cause n/v or dysrhythmias.
Explain RAAS
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
1. Reduce blood flow causes kidneys to release renin
> produce angiotensin I > converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II > vasoconstriction >
release aldosterone > kidneys conserve sodium and water > Result less water lost in
urine and blood pressure maintained.
DKA
increased anion gap, decreased HCO3
How do kidneys compensate for alkalosis
retain H and excrete HCO3
Untreated acidosis leads to an increase in which electrolyte?
Potassium
West Nile Virus
Transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. Severe signs and symptoms; high
fever, headache and stiff neck
Lyme disease
Tick-borne disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi.
Erythema infectiosum
a febrile upper respiratory illness in a child followed by the sudden appearance of red,
flushed cheeks, "fifth disease"
Obesity ad diabetes are risk factors for having a child with .
Spina bifida
Trousseau's sign
arm/carpal spasm associated with hypocalcemia
Cause and sign of spina bifida
,results from failure of neural tube to close. sign - fluid filled sac on lower back.
hemophilia is more common in
males
Prenatal exposure to alcohol includes
ND-PAE, decreased brain function, FAS
Connective vs muscle tissue disorders
Connective- RA, Scleroderma, Lupus
Muscle - MS, Muscular dystrophy, Myasthenia Gravia
Describe Lupus
Inflammatory disorder characterized by joint pain and butterfly rash
Describe Myasthenia Gravis
, Stuvia.com - The study-notes marketplace
It is an autoimmune disorder where antibodies attack own Ach receptors. This causes
weakness of skeletal muscles over the course of the day, along with ptosis, double
vision, and difficulty swallowing.
dermatitis
inflammation of the skin
eczema
noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease characterized by redness, blisters, scabs, and
itching
decubitus ulcer
sore caused by lying down for long periods of time
Fungal infections
superficial, localized skin conditions or deep tissue infections caused by exposure to
spores
may or may not be transmitted
benign neoplasm
noncancerous growths, stationary, distinct borders
malignant neoplasm
uncontrolled new tissue growth, irregular borders, spreads
Osteoporosis
The loss of bone mass often due to age, causing the bones to become porous, brittle,
and easily fractured.
osteomalacia
disease marked by softening of the bone caused by calcium and vitamin D deficiency
myoglobin
red pigment that stores oxygen in muscle cells
Bursa
fluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint over another
Rickets
a vitamin D deficiency in children, resulting in soft bones
Degenerative disk disease
A condition in which an intervertebral disk loses its normal structural integrity as a result
of wear and tear, acute or repeated injuries or aging
Paget disease
Chronic inflammation of bones, resulting in thickening and softening of bones, that can
occur in any bone but most commonly affects the long bones of the legs, the lower
spine, the pelvis, and the skull
communiuted fracture
splintered into many pieces
Three types of skin cancer
1. Basal cell carcinoma
2. Squamous cell carcinoma
3. Melanoma
basal cell carcinoma
Most common and least severe type of skin cancer; often characterized by light or
pearly nodules. Rarely metastasize, most common on face due to sun exposure
Stuvia.com - The study-notes marketplace
WGU D236 pathophysiology Exam -
Study Guide-With 100% verified
answers-2024-2025
WGU Pathophysiology D236
Describe how your body responds to an infection.
T cells produce cytokines, which stimulate B cells. B cells produce antibodies.
Identify role of DNA changes in congenital abnormalities.
Mutations in genes or chromosomal abnormalities
How does development disrupts congenital abnormalities?
Alterations of DNA
Describes factors that disrupt homeostasis and how disruptions affect wellbeing.
(ex) Fluid and electrolyte shifts can cause n/v or dysrhythmias.
Explain RAAS
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
1. Reduce blood flow causes kidneys to release renin
> produce angiotensin I > converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II > vasoconstriction >
release aldosterone > kidneys conserve sodium and water > Result less water lost in
urine and blood pressure maintained.
DKA
increased anion gap, decreased HCO3
How do kidneys compensate for alkalosis
retain H and excrete HCO3
Untreated acidosis leads to an increase in which electrolyte?
Potassium
West Nile Virus
Transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. Severe signs and symptoms; high
fever, headache and stiff neck
Lyme disease
Tick-borne disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi.
Erythema infectiosum
a febrile upper respiratory illness in a child followed by the sudden appearance of red,
flushed cheeks, "fifth disease"
Obesity ad diabetes are risk factors for having a child with .
Spina bifida
Trousseau's sign
arm/carpal spasm associated with hypocalcemia
Cause and sign of spina bifida
,results from failure of neural tube to close. sign - fluid filled sac on lower back.
hemophilia is more common in
males
Prenatal exposure to alcohol includes
ND-PAE, decreased brain function, FAS
Connective vs muscle tissue disorders
Connective- RA, Scleroderma, Lupus
Muscle - MS, Muscular dystrophy, Myasthenia Gravia
Describe Lupus
Inflammatory disorder characterized by joint pain and butterfly rash
Describe Myasthenia Gravis
, Stuvia.com - The study-notes marketplace
It is an autoimmune disorder where antibodies attack own Ach receptors. This causes
weakness of skeletal muscles over the course of the day, along with ptosis, double
vision, and difficulty swallowing.
dermatitis
inflammation of the skin
eczema
noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease characterized by redness, blisters, scabs, and
itching
decubitus ulcer
sore caused by lying down for long periods of time
Fungal infections
superficial, localized skin conditions or deep tissue infections caused by exposure to
spores
may or may not be transmitted
benign neoplasm
noncancerous growths, stationary, distinct borders
malignant neoplasm
uncontrolled new tissue growth, irregular borders, spreads
Osteoporosis
The loss of bone mass often due to age, causing the bones to become porous, brittle,
and easily fractured.
osteomalacia
disease marked by softening of the bone caused by calcium and vitamin D deficiency
myoglobin
red pigment that stores oxygen in muscle cells
Bursa
fluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint over another
Rickets
a vitamin D deficiency in children, resulting in soft bones
Degenerative disk disease
A condition in which an intervertebral disk loses its normal structural integrity as a result
of wear and tear, acute or repeated injuries or aging
Paget disease
Chronic inflammation of bones, resulting in thickening and softening of bones, that can
occur in any bone but most commonly affects the long bones of the legs, the lower
spine, the pelvis, and the skull
communiuted fracture
splintered into many pieces
Three types of skin cancer
1. Basal cell carcinoma
2. Squamous cell carcinoma
3. Melanoma
basal cell carcinoma
Most common and least severe type of skin cancer; often characterized by light or
pearly nodules. Rarely metastasize, most common on face due to sun exposure
