LSAT prep test latest update 2025 with
verified questions and and answers
graded A+
Logical reasoning -correct answerHow the evidence helps or fails to help a conclusion,
read prompt first to identify question type.
Logical reasoning tests your understanding between any conclusions and their
supporting evidence
Methods in logical reasoning -correct answer1. Look for obvious conclusion in the
stimulus
2. Visually frame the relationship between any conclusions and their supporting
evidence
Logical reasoning asks 1 or 3 things: -correct answer1. Examine the implications of the
data- implication family
2. Manipulate the argument- operation family
3. Analyze the argument- characterization family
Implication family -correct answerRequires you to look for implications of an argument
using given facts.
Question types: must be true, might be true, must be false, probably inferred
,Stimulus -correct answerAssume everything that is stated is true. Do not bring in
outside information and bias
Operation family -correct answerFlip side of implication questions.
Answer choices are taken as true and the correct answer if true will affect the stimulus.
Question types include: strengthen/weaken, crux, necessary/sufficient assumption,
resolve, explain
Characterization family -correct answerDescribe or characterize what the stimulus is
doing. Stimulus gives an argument. Prompt asks you to pick an answer choice that
accurately describes something about it or mirrors us. Understanding the stimulus is
vital. Find main point, describe how author reaches conclusion, describe what is wrong
with position presented, describe a point of disagreement between two speakers. Flaw
questions. Find the answer that identifies in the argument
Intro to reading comprehension -correct answerSection that has the most questions,
requires different reading skills and techniques.
2 big structural elements: point of view and the author's role
Point of view -correct answer1 pov: thesis passage
2 povs: antithesis passage
3 povs: synthesis passage
Author's role -correct answerIs the author present or absent?
Own opinion: author present
Other people or group's view: author absent
Arguments proposition -correct answerUnit of assertion; declarative statement. Every
logical reasoning has at least one preposition. Usually contains an argument.
Prop being supported: conclusion
Prop providing support: premises
Conclusion indicators -correct answerThis, therefore, hence, so, as a result,
consequently, it follows that, accordingly, clearly, it is clear that
Premise indicators -correct answerSince, because, for, after all, given that, as,
moreover, in addition
Assumptions -correct answerSomething that must be true in order for the conclusion to
be proven by the premises
Logical validity -correct answerValid- the conclusion must be true based on the
premises.
Invalid- if the truth of the premises does not guarantee the proof of the conclusion
Majority of lsat arguments are invalid
,Contain at least one assumption
Conditional statements -correct answerAbsolute- asserts concrete facts
Condition- hypothetical relationship, rather than a concrete facts; usually of then
statements
Valid inferences -correct answer1. Valid affirmation- affirming sufficient condition than
necessary condition
2. Contrapositive- necessary for the condition to be true
Invalid inferences -correct answer1. Fallacy of the converse- when you converse the
conditions
2. Fallacy of the inverse- negating both conditions
Conditional sufficient key words -correct answerIf, when, whenever, all, any, each
every
Condition necessary key words -correct answerThen, only, only if, only when, needs,
requires, must
Intro to ordering rules -correct answerBlocks- indicated the specific order of variables
Divisions- indicated two variables that cannot be beside each other, less common than
blocks
Options- indicates one space is restricted to two possible variables, limits the space, not
the variable. Can be pulled from deductions made with other rules
Arches- restricts variable
Conditional rules- the truth of one condition guarantees the other, always take the
contrapositive
Thesis passages -correct answerOne point of view toward a subject presents a lot of
evidence supporting the thesis view.
Must properly identify the thesis view.
Thesis passages: thesis structure -correct answerPresent author- the main point will
be the authors view and primary purpose will be what the author is trying to do and will
lean more towards advocacy.
Author absent- main point captures the entire passage and primary purpose will be very
neutral and neutral answers for authors attitude questions
Logical force -correct answerThe measure of how strong a proposition is. Small ,
easily-overlooked words frequently communicate the logical force of a statement
Modality -correct answerThe degree of necessity expressed by a proposition. How
certain it is that something will occur.
Weak modality -correct answerPossibility, more than 0% chance
, Key words: may, could, might, can, occasionally
Moderate modality -correct answerLikely, more than 50% chance.
Key words: probably, likely, usually
Strong modality -correct answerNecessity, 100% chance
Key words: will, must, definitely, always, is/are, necessarily, do/does
Quantification -correct answerThe proportion of a group that has a given property. How
many things have a certain quality?
Weak quantification -correct answerAt least one
Key words: some, a few, several, many, a significant number
Moderate qualification -correct answerMore than half
Key words: most, majority, over half
Strong quantification -correct answer100%
Key words: all, any, each, every
Caveats -correct answerLiteral vs. layman meaning: LSAT always uses literal meaning
"Most"= anything over 50% of a group has a certain property
The most: a comparative claim
Why do i care? -correct answerHelps with implication family of questions
Rule: conclusions can be supported only by a premise of equal or greater strength.
Weaker conclusions are easier to support.
Moderate conclusions can only be supported by moderate or stronger premise.
Must be true -correct answerPart of the implication family
Present a series of statements then asks what must be true on the basis of those
statements
Supply a valid conclusion
Skills needed in must be true -correct answerMake no unwarranted assumptions
Bring in no outside information
Identify what follows from the facts the questions presents
Accept the stimulus as true no matter what it says
Use conditional reasoning to draw logical conclusions from the given statements
Pay close attention to the logical force of the stimulus and answer choices
Strong stimulus statements
Weak answer choices
Be wary of strongly worded answer choices
verified questions and and answers
graded A+
Logical reasoning -correct answerHow the evidence helps or fails to help a conclusion,
read prompt first to identify question type.
Logical reasoning tests your understanding between any conclusions and their
supporting evidence
Methods in logical reasoning -correct answer1. Look for obvious conclusion in the
stimulus
2. Visually frame the relationship between any conclusions and their supporting
evidence
Logical reasoning asks 1 or 3 things: -correct answer1. Examine the implications of the
data- implication family
2. Manipulate the argument- operation family
3. Analyze the argument- characterization family
Implication family -correct answerRequires you to look for implications of an argument
using given facts.
Question types: must be true, might be true, must be false, probably inferred
,Stimulus -correct answerAssume everything that is stated is true. Do not bring in
outside information and bias
Operation family -correct answerFlip side of implication questions.
Answer choices are taken as true and the correct answer if true will affect the stimulus.
Question types include: strengthen/weaken, crux, necessary/sufficient assumption,
resolve, explain
Characterization family -correct answerDescribe or characterize what the stimulus is
doing. Stimulus gives an argument. Prompt asks you to pick an answer choice that
accurately describes something about it or mirrors us. Understanding the stimulus is
vital. Find main point, describe how author reaches conclusion, describe what is wrong
with position presented, describe a point of disagreement between two speakers. Flaw
questions. Find the answer that identifies in the argument
Intro to reading comprehension -correct answerSection that has the most questions,
requires different reading skills and techniques.
2 big structural elements: point of view and the author's role
Point of view -correct answer1 pov: thesis passage
2 povs: antithesis passage
3 povs: synthesis passage
Author's role -correct answerIs the author present or absent?
Own opinion: author present
Other people or group's view: author absent
Arguments proposition -correct answerUnit of assertion; declarative statement. Every
logical reasoning has at least one preposition. Usually contains an argument.
Prop being supported: conclusion
Prop providing support: premises
Conclusion indicators -correct answerThis, therefore, hence, so, as a result,
consequently, it follows that, accordingly, clearly, it is clear that
Premise indicators -correct answerSince, because, for, after all, given that, as,
moreover, in addition
Assumptions -correct answerSomething that must be true in order for the conclusion to
be proven by the premises
Logical validity -correct answerValid- the conclusion must be true based on the
premises.
Invalid- if the truth of the premises does not guarantee the proof of the conclusion
Majority of lsat arguments are invalid
,Contain at least one assumption
Conditional statements -correct answerAbsolute- asserts concrete facts
Condition- hypothetical relationship, rather than a concrete facts; usually of then
statements
Valid inferences -correct answer1. Valid affirmation- affirming sufficient condition than
necessary condition
2. Contrapositive- necessary for the condition to be true
Invalid inferences -correct answer1. Fallacy of the converse- when you converse the
conditions
2. Fallacy of the inverse- negating both conditions
Conditional sufficient key words -correct answerIf, when, whenever, all, any, each
every
Condition necessary key words -correct answerThen, only, only if, only when, needs,
requires, must
Intro to ordering rules -correct answerBlocks- indicated the specific order of variables
Divisions- indicated two variables that cannot be beside each other, less common than
blocks
Options- indicates one space is restricted to two possible variables, limits the space, not
the variable. Can be pulled from deductions made with other rules
Arches- restricts variable
Conditional rules- the truth of one condition guarantees the other, always take the
contrapositive
Thesis passages -correct answerOne point of view toward a subject presents a lot of
evidence supporting the thesis view.
Must properly identify the thesis view.
Thesis passages: thesis structure -correct answerPresent author- the main point will
be the authors view and primary purpose will be what the author is trying to do and will
lean more towards advocacy.
Author absent- main point captures the entire passage and primary purpose will be very
neutral and neutral answers for authors attitude questions
Logical force -correct answerThe measure of how strong a proposition is. Small ,
easily-overlooked words frequently communicate the logical force of a statement
Modality -correct answerThe degree of necessity expressed by a proposition. How
certain it is that something will occur.
Weak modality -correct answerPossibility, more than 0% chance
, Key words: may, could, might, can, occasionally
Moderate modality -correct answerLikely, more than 50% chance.
Key words: probably, likely, usually
Strong modality -correct answerNecessity, 100% chance
Key words: will, must, definitely, always, is/are, necessarily, do/does
Quantification -correct answerThe proportion of a group that has a given property. How
many things have a certain quality?
Weak quantification -correct answerAt least one
Key words: some, a few, several, many, a significant number
Moderate qualification -correct answerMore than half
Key words: most, majority, over half
Strong quantification -correct answer100%
Key words: all, any, each, every
Caveats -correct answerLiteral vs. layman meaning: LSAT always uses literal meaning
"Most"= anything over 50% of a group has a certain property
The most: a comparative claim
Why do i care? -correct answerHelps with implication family of questions
Rule: conclusions can be supported only by a premise of equal or greater strength.
Weaker conclusions are easier to support.
Moderate conclusions can only be supported by moderate or stronger premise.
Must be true -correct answerPart of the implication family
Present a series of statements then asks what must be true on the basis of those
statements
Supply a valid conclusion
Skills needed in must be true -correct answerMake no unwarranted assumptions
Bring in no outside information
Identify what follows from the facts the questions presents
Accept the stimulus as true no matter what it says
Use conditional reasoning to draw logical conclusions from the given statements
Pay close attention to the logical force of the stimulus and answer choices
Strong stimulus statements
Weak answer choices
Be wary of strongly worded answer choices
