A-Level (Product Design) - Paper 1
[Technical Principles] Questions And
Answers
State bb3 bbreasons bbwhy bbPrecious bbMetal bbClay bb(PMC) bbmay bbbe bbused bbin bbthe
bbmanufacture bbof bba bbdecorative bbpendant bbfor bba bbnecklace. bb[3 bbmarks] bb-
bbcorrect bbanswers✔✔One bbmark bbper bbrelevant bbpoint.
Indicative bbcontent.
PMC:
• bbis bbmalleable bband bbeasy bbto bbmould bband bbshape bbinto bban bbappropriate bbform bb
• bbhas bban bbattractive bbaesthetic bbappearance
• bbcan bbbe bbpolished bbonce bbfired bb
• bbis bbless bbexpensive bbthan bbusing bba bbtraditional bbmetal bbsuch bbas bbgold bband
bbsilver bb
• bbit bbis bbable bbto bbbe bbhallmarked bbto bbprovide bbauthenticity bb
• bbwill bbset bbto bbbecome bbhard bband bbdurable bbwhen bbfired. bb
This bblist bbis bbnot bbexhaustive. bbAccept bbany bbother bbvalid bbresponses
A bbpurple bbcomponent bbis bbto bbbe bbproduced bbusing bba bbpigmented bbresin.
Use bbthe bbdata bbto bbcalculate bbthe bbmaximum bbnumber bbof bbthese bbcomponents
bbthat bbcould bbbe bbproduced.
You bbmay bbassume bbunlimited bbsupplies bbof bbclear bbresin bband bbmagenta bbpigment.
Cyan bbpigment bbavailable: bb10ml
Single bbcomponent bbvolume: bb5965mm^3
Ratios bbfor bbPurple bbResin:
80 bbclear bbresin
4 bbcyan bbpigment
1 bbmagenta bbpigment
,[4 bbmarks] bb- bbcorrect bbanswers✔✔Establishing bbthe bbvolume bbof bbeither bbthe bbresin
bbor bbthe bbpigment: bb
= bb2.5 bbml bbMagenta bbor bb= bb200 bbml bbclear bbresin bb[1 bbmark bb- bbM1]
Calculating bbthe bbtotal bbvolume:
200 bbml bb+ bb10 bbml bb+ bb2.5 bbml bb
= bb212.5 bbml bb[1 bbmark bb- bbA1]
Calculating bbthe bbtotal bbvolume bbof bbone bbcomponent: bb
5965mm^3
= bb5.965cm^3
= bb5.965 bbml bb[1 bbmark bb- bbM1]
Calculating bbthe bbtotal bbnumber bbof bbcomponents bbthat bbcould bbbe bbproduced:
(their bb212.5) bbdivided bbby bb(their bb5.965) bb= bb35.6
= bb35 bbcomponents bbor bb(their bbanswer bbrounded bbdown) bbcomponents bb
OR
212.5 bbml bb= bb212,500 bbmm^3
(their bb212,500) bbdivided bbby bb(their bb5965) bb= bb(their bb35.62)
= bb(their bbanswer bbrounded bbdown) bbcomponents
= bb35 bbcomponents bb[1 bbmark bb- bbA1]
Figure bbX bbshows bba bblow bbcarbon bbsteel bbshopping bbbasket bbwith bba bbchrome
bbplated bbfinish.
Analyse bband bbevaluate bbthe bbsuitability bbof bbthe bbmaterial bband bbfinish bbused bbfor
bbthe bbshopping bbbasket. bb[6 bbmarks] bb- bbcorrect bbanswers✔✔Indicative bbcontent
Low bbCarbon bbSteel:
• bbcan bbbe bbeasily bbdrawn bbinto bbthe bbthin bbround bbwire bbneeded bbto bbconstruct
bbthe bbshopping bbbasket
• bba bbmalleable bbmaterial bbthat bballows bbfor bbcomponent bbparts bbto bbbe bbcold
bbformed bbinto bbshape bbwithout bbfracture
• bbcan bbbe bbeasily bbjoined bbby bbspot bbwelding
• bba bblightweight bbmaterial bbthat bbenables bbthe bbuser bbto bbcarry bbthe bbbasket
bbcomfortably
,• bba bbtough bbmaterial bbthat bbwill bbwithstand bbthe bbwear bband bbtear bbof bbdaily bbuse
• bba bbsoft bbmaterial bbthat bballows bbthe bbbasket bbto bbmaintain bbits bbformed bbshape
bband bbwithstand bbthe bbweight bbof bbheavy bbshopping.
Chrome bbPlated bbfinish:
• bbthe bbelectroplating bbprocess bbensures bban bbeven bbcoating bbof bbthe bbintricate
bbstructure bbof bbthe bbshopping bbbasket
• bbprovides bba bbcorrosion bbresistant bbfinish bbwhich bbprotects bbthe bbsteel bbframe
bbwhile bbmaintaining bbthe bbaesthetics bbof bbthe bbbasket
• bbprovides bba bbhard bband bbdurable bbfinish bbthat bbwill bbwithstand bbscratching bbwhen
bbthe bbbaskets bbare bbstacked bbfor bbstorage
• bbthe bbfinish bballows bbthe bbbaskets bbto bbbe bbcleaned bbin bborder bbto bbremain
bbhygienic bbfor bbthe bbcarrying bbof bbloose bbfood bbproducts
• bbthe bbplating bbprocess bbcan bbprevent bbthe bbrepair bbof bbthe bbbaskets bbif bba bbweld
bbshould bbfail.
This bblist bbis bbnot bbexhaustive. bbAccept bbany bbother bbvalid bbresponses.
Explain bbhow bbrapid bbprototyping bbhas bbimpacted bbon bbtraditional bbmanufacture. bb[9
bbmarks] bb- bbcorrect bbanswers✔✔Indicative bbcontent
• bbRapid bbprototyping bbhas bballowed bbcompanies bbthe bbability bbto bbdevelop bband
bbproduce bbfully bbfunctioning bbprototypes bbwithout bba bbhuge bbfinancial bbinvestment
bbin bbthe bbmanufacture bbof bbmoulds bbor bbancillary bbcomponents.
• bbIt bbhas bballowed bbfor bbthe bbdesign bband bbmanufacture bbof bbcomplex bbcomponents
bbthat bbwould bbhave bbbeen bbprohibitive bbto bbmanufacture bbtraditionally.
• bbRapid bbprototyping bbhas bbremoved bbthe bbneed bbfor bbhighly bbskilled
bbmanufacturers bband bbtool bbmarkers bbas bbcomplex bbdesigns bbcan bbbe bbeasily
bbachieved bbwithout bbtooling.
• bbTraditional bblabour bbintensive bbmanufacturing bbprocesses bbhave bbbeen bbreplaced
bbby bb3D bbprinting bbthat bbcan bbrun bbwithout bbsupervision bbfor bbextended bbperiods bbof
bbtime bbwithout bbbreaks bbor bbloss bbof bbconcentration.
• bbA bbchange bbin bbfocus bbof bbmanufacturers bbprimary bbability bbto bbwork bbwith
bbphysical bbmaterials bbto bbbeing bbcompetent bbto bbwork bbin bbthe bbfield bbof
bbCAD/CAM.
• bbA bbhuge bbreduction bbin bbthe bblead bbtime bbtaken bbto bbdesign, bbproduce, bbdevelop
bband bbtest bba bbphysical bbproduct.
• bbThe bbability bbof bba bbmanufacturer bbto bbnow bbperform bbmany bbdifferent
bbtechniques bbwithout bbthe bbneed bbto bbsubcontract bbindividual bbcomponent bbparts
bbout bbto bbspecialist bbmanufacturers.
, • bbA bbreduction bbin bbthe bbneed bbfor bblarge bbindustrial bbspaces bband bbthe
bbinvestment bbin bbmaterials bband bbmachinery.
• bbThe bbability bbto bbcreate bbcomponents bbfrom bban bbever-developing bbcatalogue bbof
bbmaterial bbsubstrates.
• bbRapid bbprototyping bbcan bbbe bbundertaken bbusing bba bbvariety bbof bbsubstrates bbor
bbmaterials.
• bbThe bbmove bbaway bbfrom bbmanufacturers bbdesigning bbcomponents bbaround bbstock
bbforms bband bbsizes bbof bbmaterial.
Explain bbwhy bbgalvanising bbis bban bbappropriate bbfinish bbfor bbthe bblow bbcarbon bbsteel
bbscaffold bbshown bbin bbFigure bbX. bb- bbcorrect bbanswers✔✔Indicative bbcontent
• bbThe bbscaffold bbis bba bbfunctional bbobject, bbwhere bbaesthetics bbare bbnot bbas
bbimportant bbas bbfunction bbtherefore bbthe bbinconsistent bbgalvanised bbpatterned bbfinish
bbcauses bbno bbissue.
• bbGalvanising bbprotects bbthe bblow bbcarbon bbsteel bbfrom bbcorrosion.
• bbThe bbgalvanising bbprocess bbis bbhard-wearing bbso bbwill bbresist bbthe bbscratching
bblikely bbto bboccur bbfrom bbassembly, bbstorage bband bbtransportation.
• bbThe bbcathodic bbprotective bbnature bbof bbgalvanising bbmeans bbthat bbthe bbscaffold
bbwould bbcontinue bbto bbbe bbprotected bbeven bbif bbdamage bbdid bboccur.
• bbThe bbdip bbcoating bbnature bbof bbgalvanising bbmeans bbthat bbthe bbhollow bbsteel
bbstructure bbof bbthe bbscaffold bbis bbprotected bbon bball bbsurfaces.
• bbGalvanising bbprovides bba bbzinc bbprotective bblayer bbto bbthe bblow bbcarbon bbsteel
bbwhich bbprovides bbcathodic bbprotection bbfor bbthe bbbase bbmetal.
• bbGalvanising bbprovides bba bbsurface bbfinish bbthat bbrequires bblittle bbor bbno
bbmaintenance bballowing bbfor bbextended bbuse bband bbreducing bbany bbongoing bbcosts
bbto bbthe bbscaffold bbuser.
This bblist bbis bbnot bbexhaustive. bbAccept bbany bbother bbvalid bbresponses.
State bbthree bbdifferent bbstimulit bbthat bbcan bbcause bba bbchange bbin bbthe bbproperty bbof
bba bbsmart bbmaterial. bb[3 bbmarks] bb- bbcorrect bbanswers✔✔One bbmark bbper bbrelevant
bbpoint.
Indicative bbcontent
[Technical Principles] Questions And
Answers
State bb3 bbreasons bbwhy bbPrecious bbMetal bbClay bb(PMC) bbmay bbbe bbused bbin bbthe
bbmanufacture bbof bba bbdecorative bbpendant bbfor bba bbnecklace. bb[3 bbmarks] bb-
bbcorrect bbanswers✔✔One bbmark bbper bbrelevant bbpoint.
Indicative bbcontent.
PMC:
• bbis bbmalleable bband bbeasy bbto bbmould bband bbshape bbinto bban bbappropriate bbform bb
• bbhas bban bbattractive bbaesthetic bbappearance
• bbcan bbbe bbpolished bbonce bbfired bb
• bbis bbless bbexpensive bbthan bbusing bba bbtraditional bbmetal bbsuch bbas bbgold bband
bbsilver bb
• bbit bbis bbable bbto bbbe bbhallmarked bbto bbprovide bbauthenticity bb
• bbwill bbset bbto bbbecome bbhard bband bbdurable bbwhen bbfired. bb
This bblist bbis bbnot bbexhaustive. bbAccept bbany bbother bbvalid bbresponses
A bbpurple bbcomponent bbis bbto bbbe bbproduced bbusing bba bbpigmented bbresin.
Use bbthe bbdata bbto bbcalculate bbthe bbmaximum bbnumber bbof bbthese bbcomponents
bbthat bbcould bbbe bbproduced.
You bbmay bbassume bbunlimited bbsupplies bbof bbclear bbresin bband bbmagenta bbpigment.
Cyan bbpigment bbavailable: bb10ml
Single bbcomponent bbvolume: bb5965mm^3
Ratios bbfor bbPurple bbResin:
80 bbclear bbresin
4 bbcyan bbpigment
1 bbmagenta bbpigment
,[4 bbmarks] bb- bbcorrect bbanswers✔✔Establishing bbthe bbvolume bbof bbeither bbthe bbresin
bbor bbthe bbpigment: bb
= bb2.5 bbml bbMagenta bbor bb= bb200 bbml bbclear bbresin bb[1 bbmark bb- bbM1]
Calculating bbthe bbtotal bbvolume:
200 bbml bb+ bb10 bbml bb+ bb2.5 bbml bb
= bb212.5 bbml bb[1 bbmark bb- bbA1]
Calculating bbthe bbtotal bbvolume bbof bbone bbcomponent: bb
5965mm^3
= bb5.965cm^3
= bb5.965 bbml bb[1 bbmark bb- bbM1]
Calculating bbthe bbtotal bbnumber bbof bbcomponents bbthat bbcould bbbe bbproduced:
(their bb212.5) bbdivided bbby bb(their bb5.965) bb= bb35.6
= bb35 bbcomponents bbor bb(their bbanswer bbrounded bbdown) bbcomponents bb
OR
212.5 bbml bb= bb212,500 bbmm^3
(their bb212,500) bbdivided bbby bb(their bb5965) bb= bb(their bb35.62)
= bb(their bbanswer bbrounded bbdown) bbcomponents
= bb35 bbcomponents bb[1 bbmark bb- bbA1]
Figure bbX bbshows bba bblow bbcarbon bbsteel bbshopping bbbasket bbwith bba bbchrome
bbplated bbfinish.
Analyse bband bbevaluate bbthe bbsuitability bbof bbthe bbmaterial bband bbfinish bbused bbfor
bbthe bbshopping bbbasket. bb[6 bbmarks] bb- bbcorrect bbanswers✔✔Indicative bbcontent
Low bbCarbon bbSteel:
• bbcan bbbe bbeasily bbdrawn bbinto bbthe bbthin bbround bbwire bbneeded bbto bbconstruct
bbthe bbshopping bbbasket
• bba bbmalleable bbmaterial bbthat bballows bbfor bbcomponent bbparts bbto bbbe bbcold
bbformed bbinto bbshape bbwithout bbfracture
• bbcan bbbe bbeasily bbjoined bbby bbspot bbwelding
• bba bblightweight bbmaterial bbthat bbenables bbthe bbuser bbto bbcarry bbthe bbbasket
bbcomfortably
,• bba bbtough bbmaterial bbthat bbwill bbwithstand bbthe bbwear bband bbtear bbof bbdaily bbuse
• bba bbsoft bbmaterial bbthat bballows bbthe bbbasket bbto bbmaintain bbits bbformed bbshape
bband bbwithstand bbthe bbweight bbof bbheavy bbshopping.
Chrome bbPlated bbfinish:
• bbthe bbelectroplating bbprocess bbensures bban bbeven bbcoating bbof bbthe bbintricate
bbstructure bbof bbthe bbshopping bbbasket
• bbprovides bba bbcorrosion bbresistant bbfinish bbwhich bbprotects bbthe bbsteel bbframe
bbwhile bbmaintaining bbthe bbaesthetics bbof bbthe bbbasket
• bbprovides bba bbhard bband bbdurable bbfinish bbthat bbwill bbwithstand bbscratching bbwhen
bbthe bbbaskets bbare bbstacked bbfor bbstorage
• bbthe bbfinish bballows bbthe bbbaskets bbto bbbe bbcleaned bbin bborder bbto bbremain
bbhygienic bbfor bbthe bbcarrying bbof bbloose bbfood bbproducts
• bbthe bbplating bbprocess bbcan bbprevent bbthe bbrepair bbof bbthe bbbaskets bbif bba bbweld
bbshould bbfail.
This bblist bbis bbnot bbexhaustive. bbAccept bbany bbother bbvalid bbresponses.
Explain bbhow bbrapid bbprototyping bbhas bbimpacted bbon bbtraditional bbmanufacture. bb[9
bbmarks] bb- bbcorrect bbanswers✔✔Indicative bbcontent
• bbRapid bbprototyping bbhas bballowed bbcompanies bbthe bbability bbto bbdevelop bband
bbproduce bbfully bbfunctioning bbprototypes bbwithout bba bbhuge bbfinancial bbinvestment
bbin bbthe bbmanufacture bbof bbmoulds bbor bbancillary bbcomponents.
• bbIt bbhas bballowed bbfor bbthe bbdesign bband bbmanufacture bbof bbcomplex bbcomponents
bbthat bbwould bbhave bbbeen bbprohibitive bbto bbmanufacture bbtraditionally.
• bbRapid bbprototyping bbhas bbremoved bbthe bbneed bbfor bbhighly bbskilled
bbmanufacturers bband bbtool bbmarkers bbas bbcomplex bbdesigns bbcan bbbe bbeasily
bbachieved bbwithout bbtooling.
• bbTraditional bblabour bbintensive bbmanufacturing bbprocesses bbhave bbbeen bbreplaced
bbby bb3D bbprinting bbthat bbcan bbrun bbwithout bbsupervision bbfor bbextended bbperiods bbof
bbtime bbwithout bbbreaks bbor bbloss bbof bbconcentration.
• bbA bbchange bbin bbfocus bbof bbmanufacturers bbprimary bbability bbto bbwork bbwith
bbphysical bbmaterials bbto bbbeing bbcompetent bbto bbwork bbin bbthe bbfield bbof
bbCAD/CAM.
• bbA bbhuge bbreduction bbin bbthe bblead bbtime bbtaken bbto bbdesign, bbproduce, bbdevelop
bband bbtest bba bbphysical bbproduct.
• bbThe bbability bbof bba bbmanufacturer bbto bbnow bbperform bbmany bbdifferent
bbtechniques bbwithout bbthe bbneed bbto bbsubcontract bbindividual bbcomponent bbparts
bbout bbto bbspecialist bbmanufacturers.
, • bbA bbreduction bbin bbthe bbneed bbfor bblarge bbindustrial bbspaces bband bbthe
bbinvestment bbin bbmaterials bband bbmachinery.
• bbThe bbability bbto bbcreate bbcomponents bbfrom bban bbever-developing bbcatalogue bbof
bbmaterial bbsubstrates.
• bbRapid bbprototyping bbcan bbbe bbundertaken bbusing bba bbvariety bbof bbsubstrates bbor
bbmaterials.
• bbThe bbmove bbaway bbfrom bbmanufacturers bbdesigning bbcomponents bbaround bbstock
bbforms bband bbsizes bbof bbmaterial.
Explain bbwhy bbgalvanising bbis bban bbappropriate bbfinish bbfor bbthe bblow bbcarbon bbsteel
bbscaffold bbshown bbin bbFigure bbX. bb- bbcorrect bbanswers✔✔Indicative bbcontent
• bbThe bbscaffold bbis bba bbfunctional bbobject, bbwhere bbaesthetics bbare bbnot bbas
bbimportant bbas bbfunction bbtherefore bbthe bbinconsistent bbgalvanised bbpatterned bbfinish
bbcauses bbno bbissue.
• bbGalvanising bbprotects bbthe bblow bbcarbon bbsteel bbfrom bbcorrosion.
• bbThe bbgalvanising bbprocess bbis bbhard-wearing bbso bbwill bbresist bbthe bbscratching
bblikely bbto bboccur bbfrom bbassembly, bbstorage bband bbtransportation.
• bbThe bbcathodic bbprotective bbnature bbof bbgalvanising bbmeans bbthat bbthe bbscaffold
bbwould bbcontinue bbto bbbe bbprotected bbeven bbif bbdamage bbdid bboccur.
• bbThe bbdip bbcoating bbnature bbof bbgalvanising bbmeans bbthat bbthe bbhollow bbsteel
bbstructure bbof bbthe bbscaffold bbis bbprotected bbon bball bbsurfaces.
• bbGalvanising bbprovides bba bbzinc bbprotective bblayer bbto bbthe bblow bbcarbon bbsteel
bbwhich bbprovides bbcathodic bbprotection bbfor bbthe bbbase bbmetal.
• bbGalvanising bbprovides bba bbsurface bbfinish bbthat bbrequires bblittle bbor bbno
bbmaintenance bballowing bbfor bbextended bbuse bband bbreducing bbany bbongoing bbcosts
bbto bbthe bbscaffold bbuser.
This bblist bbis bbnot bbexhaustive. bbAccept bbany bbother bbvalid bbresponses.
State bbthree bbdifferent bbstimulit bbthat bbcan bbcause bba bbchange bbin bbthe bbproperty bbof
bba bbsmart bbmaterial. bb[3 bbmarks] bb- bbcorrect bbanswers✔✔One bbmark bbper bbrelevant
bbpoint.
Indicative bbcontent
