ATLS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. 1. Varför är gastrisk sond ett bra hjälpmedel?
2. Vad är nackdelen med gastrisk sond? - ANSWER-1. Den är until för att mindra
magdistension (belly distention), minska threat för aspiration och bedöma ifall det
föreligger en övre GI-blödning.
2. En gastrisk sond kan inducera kräkning eller kräk-reflexer vilket faktiskt kan
orsaka det specifika problemet den egentligen är until för att förhindra -
aspiration.
1. Which is one of the top monitors for resuscitation and affected person response?
2. 2. What is the desired "cost" of this parameter? - ANSWER-1. Urinary output, because
regular urine volumes commonly imply ok renal blood glide (if not changed via the
management of diuretic sellers).
2. Adequate resuscitation quantity alternative have to produce a urinary output of
about *0,5 ml/kg/hour* in adults, whereas 1 ml/kg/hour for pediatric sufferers and 2
ml/kg/hour for children <1 year of age.
3. Cardiac tamponade is indicated by the presence of the classic diagnostic Beck's triad.
What is the Beck's triad? - ANSWER-• Venous pressure elevation
• Decline in arterial pressure
• Muffled heart tones
Remember: tension pneumothorax, particularly on the left side, can mimic cardiac
tamponade. Kussmaul's sign (a rise in venous pressure with inspiration when
breathing spontaneously) is a true paradoxical venous pressure abnormality
associated with tamponade.
4. Definiera en säker luftväg/definitive airway! - ANSWER-En tub placerad i trachea med
uppblåst kuff under stämbanden, tuben kopplad till någon typ av syreberikad
assisterad ventilation och luftvägen säkrad på plats med tejp.
5. EKG changes associated with cardiac tamponade? - ANSWER-PEA.
6. Give 3 examples of objective signs of inadequate ventilation! - ANSWER-•
Asymmetrical rise and fall of the chest.
- Asymmetry suggests splinting of the rib cage or a flail chest.
• Decreased or absent breath sounds over one or both hemithoraces.
• Low oxygen saturation measured by a pulse oximeter.
7. Give 3 examples of ways that the ventilation can be compromised in! - ANSWER-•
Airway obstruction
• Altered ventilatory mechanics
, • CNS depression
8. Give 4 examples of major complications of femoral venous access! - ANSWER-•
Deep-vein thrombosis
• Arterial or neurologic injury
• Infection
• Arteriovenous fistula
9. Give 6 examples of complications of intraosseous puncture! - ANSWER-• Infection
• Through-and-through penetration of the bone
• Subcutaneous or subperiosteal infiltration
• Pressure necrosis of the skin
• Physeal plate injury
• Hematoma
10.Give 6 examples of medical therapies for brain injury! - ANSWER-• Intravenous fluids
• Temporary hyperventilation
• Mannitol
• Hypertonic saline
• Barbiturates
• Anticonvulsants
11.Give 7 examples of complications of central venous puncture! - ANSWER-•
Pneumothorax or hemothorax
• Venous thrombosis
• Arterial or neurologic injury
• Arteriovenous fistula
• Chylothorax
• Infection
• Air embolism
12.Give 7 examples of complications of peripheral venous cutdown! - ANSWER-• Cellulitis
• Hematoma
• Phlebitis
• Perforation of the posterior wall of the vein
• Venous thrombosis
• Nerve transection
• Arterial transection
13.Give 8 examples of lethal injuries from thoracic trauma which can be hard to find during
primary survey but that should not be missed during secondary survey! - ANSWER-•
Simple pneumothorax
• Hemothorax
• Pulmonary contusion
• Tracheobronchial tree injury
• Blunt cardiac injury
• Traumatic aortic disruption
• Traumatic diaphragmatic injury
• Blund esophageal rupture
1. 1. Varför är gastrisk sond ett bra hjälpmedel?
2. Vad är nackdelen med gastrisk sond? - ANSWER-1. Den är until för att mindra
magdistension (belly distention), minska threat för aspiration och bedöma ifall det
föreligger en övre GI-blödning.
2. En gastrisk sond kan inducera kräkning eller kräk-reflexer vilket faktiskt kan
orsaka det specifika problemet den egentligen är until för att förhindra -
aspiration.
1. Which is one of the top monitors for resuscitation and affected person response?
2. 2. What is the desired "cost" of this parameter? - ANSWER-1. Urinary output, because
regular urine volumes commonly imply ok renal blood glide (if not changed via the
management of diuretic sellers).
2. Adequate resuscitation quantity alternative have to produce a urinary output of
about *0,5 ml/kg/hour* in adults, whereas 1 ml/kg/hour for pediatric sufferers and 2
ml/kg/hour for children <1 year of age.
3. Cardiac tamponade is indicated by the presence of the classic diagnostic Beck's triad.
What is the Beck's triad? - ANSWER-• Venous pressure elevation
• Decline in arterial pressure
• Muffled heart tones
Remember: tension pneumothorax, particularly on the left side, can mimic cardiac
tamponade. Kussmaul's sign (a rise in venous pressure with inspiration when
breathing spontaneously) is a true paradoxical venous pressure abnormality
associated with tamponade.
4. Definiera en säker luftväg/definitive airway! - ANSWER-En tub placerad i trachea med
uppblåst kuff under stämbanden, tuben kopplad till någon typ av syreberikad
assisterad ventilation och luftvägen säkrad på plats med tejp.
5. EKG changes associated with cardiac tamponade? - ANSWER-PEA.
6. Give 3 examples of objective signs of inadequate ventilation! - ANSWER-•
Asymmetrical rise and fall of the chest.
- Asymmetry suggests splinting of the rib cage or a flail chest.
• Decreased or absent breath sounds over one or both hemithoraces.
• Low oxygen saturation measured by a pulse oximeter.
7. Give 3 examples of ways that the ventilation can be compromised in! - ANSWER-•
Airway obstruction
• Altered ventilatory mechanics
, • CNS depression
8. Give 4 examples of major complications of femoral venous access! - ANSWER-•
Deep-vein thrombosis
• Arterial or neurologic injury
• Infection
• Arteriovenous fistula
9. Give 6 examples of complications of intraosseous puncture! - ANSWER-• Infection
• Through-and-through penetration of the bone
• Subcutaneous or subperiosteal infiltration
• Pressure necrosis of the skin
• Physeal plate injury
• Hematoma
10.Give 6 examples of medical therapies for brain injury! - ANSWER-• Intravenous fluids
• Temporary hyperventilation
• Mannitol
• Hypertonic saline
• Barbiturates
• Anticonvulsants
11.Give 7 examples of complications of central venous puncture! - ANSWER-•
Pneumothorax or hemothorax
• Venous thrombosis
• Arterial or neurologic injury
• Arteriovenous fistula
• Chylothorax
• Infection
• Air embolism
12.Give 7 examples of complications of peripheral venous cutdown! - ANSWER-• Cellulitis
• Hematoma
• Phlebitis
• Perforation of the posterior wall of the vein
• Venous thrombosis
• Nerve transection
• Arterial transection
13.Give 8 examples of lethal injuries from thoracic trauma which can be hard to find during
primary survey but that should not be missed during secondary survey! - ANSWER-•
Simple pneumothorax
• Hemothorax
• Pulmonary contusion
• Tracheobronchial tree injury
• Blunt cardiac injury
• Traumatic aortic disruption
• Traumatic diaphragmatic injury
• Blund esophageal rupture
