WGU D441 OA FINAL EXAM UPDATED FOR 2025 WITH 100% VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS 2023-2025
What is misoprostol?
prostaglandins
antiulcer agent
misprostol indications
prevention of gastric ulcers in patients taking NSAIDs. Also induces labor by ripening the cervix
misoprostol MOA
decrease stomach acid secretion, increase production of protective mucus and bicarbonate.
causes uterine contractions
misoprostol side effects
dysmenorrhea, gi upset
misoprostol black box warnings
miscarriage, premature birth, birth defects
misoprostol NC
assess women of childbearing age for pregnancy before administering for ulcer prevention
what is epoetin alfa?
erythropoiesis stimulating agent
epoetin alfa indications
anemia related to chronic kidney disease, HIV, chemotherapy
epoetin alfa MOA
stimulates bone marrow to PRODUCE RBCS
epoetin alfa contraindications
Hgb level > 11 g/dL, uncontrolled hypertension
epoetin alfa side effects
HYPERTENSION, bone pain, increased risk of seizures
epoetin alfa black box warnings
,thromboembolic events (MI, stroke), tumor progression/reoccurrence
epoetin alfa NC
do not agitate vial, monitor BP, Hgb, Hct
epoetin alfa PT
ensure adequate dietary iron intake
what is salmeterol?
bronchodilator -terol
Beta2 adrenergic agonist
salmeterol indications
asthma, copd
salmeterol MOA
binds to beta2 receptors in the lungs causing bronchodilation
salmeterol side effects
chest pain, TACHYCARDIA, palpitations, tremors, anxiety
salmeterol PT
if using with inhaled glucocorticoid, use bronchodilator first, wait 5 minutes, then use
glucocorticoid.
salmeterol long or short acting
long acting- taken DAILY for CONTROL of asthma
what is spironolactone?
diuretic
potassium sparing diuretics
spironolactone indications
heart failure, hypertension
spironolactone MOA
blocks aldosterone, promoting excretion of sodium and water, but RETENTION OF POTASSIUM
spironolactone contraindications
, severe kidney failure
spironolactone side effects
HYPERKALEMIA, amenorrhea, gynecomastia, impotence
spironolactone black box warning
increase size of TUMORS
spironolactone NC
monitor potassium levels and EKG
spironolactone PT
AVOID SALT SUBSTITUTES containing potassium
what is metformin?
antidiabetics
biguanides
metformin indications
type 2 diabetes
metformin MOA
decrease glucose production in liver, decrease intestinal absorption of glucose, increase insulin
sensitivity
metformin side effects
GI upset, metallic taste, LACTIC ACIDOSIS
metfomin NC
hold metformin prior to procedures requiring CONTRAST DYE and for 48 hours after the
procedure. monitor for signs of lactic acidosis (diarrea, dizziness, hypotension, bradycardia,
muscle pain, weakness)
metformin PT
take with a meal, do not consume alcohol
what is captopril and lisinopril?
SOLUTIONS 2023-2025
What is misoprostol?
prostaglandins
antiulcer agent
misprostol indications
prevention of gastric ulcers in patients taking NSAIDs. Also induces labor by ripening the cervix
misoprostol MOA
decrease stomach acid secretion, increase production of protective mucus and bicarbonate.
causes uterine contractions
misoprostol side effects
dysmenorrhea, gi upset
misoprostol black box warnings
miscarriage, premature birth, birth defects
misoprostol NC
assess women of childbearing age for pregnancy before administering for ulcer prevention
what is epoetin alfa?
erythropoiesis stimulating agent
epoetin alfa indications
anemia related to chronic kidney disease, HIV, chemotherapy
epoetin alfa MOA
stimulates bone marrow to PRODUCE RBCS
epoetin alfa contraindications
Hgb level > 11 g/dL, uncontrolled hypertension
epoetin alfa side effects
HYPERTENSION, bone pain, increased risk of seizures
epoetin alfa black box warnings
,thromboembolic events (MI, stroke), tumor progression/reoccurrence
epoetin alfa NC
do not agitate vial, monitor BP, Hgb, Hct
epoetin alfa PT
ensure adequate dietary iron intake
what is salmeterol?
bronchodilator -terol
Beta2 adrenergic agonist
salmeterol indications
asthma, copd
salmeterol MOA
binds to beta2 receptors in the lungs causing bronchodilation
salmeterol side effects
chest pain, TACHYCARDIA, palpitations, tremors, anxiety
salmeterol PT
if using with inhaled glucocorticoid, use bronchodilator first, wait 5 minutes, then use
glucocorticoid.
salmeterol long or short acting
long acting- taken DAILY for CONTROL of asthma
what is spironolactone?
diuretic
potassium sparing diuretics
spironolactone indications
heart failure, hypertension
spironolactone MOA
blocks aldosterone, promoting excretion of sodium and water, but RETENTION OF POTASSIUM
spironolactone contraindications
, severe kidney failure
spironolactone side effects
HYPERKALEMIA, amenorrhea, gynecomastia, impotence
spironolactone black box warning
increase size of TUMORS
spironolactone NC
monitor potassium levels and EKG
spironolactone PT
AVOID SALT SUBSTITUTES containing potassium
what is metformin?
antidiabetics
biguanides
metformin indications
type 2 diabetes
metformin MOA
decrease glucose production in liver, decrease intestinal absorption of glucose, increase insulin
sensitivity
metformin side effects
GI upset, metallic taste, LACTIC ACIDOSIS
metfomin NC
hold metformin prior to procedures requiring CONTRAST DYE and for 48 hours after the
procedure. monitor for signs of lactic acidosis (diarrea, dizziness, hypotension, bradycardia,
muscle pain, weakness)
metformin PT
take with a meal, do not consume alcohol
what is captopril and lisinopril?
