Class notes MKTG 320 International Marketing & Export Management

English Grammar Notes

Topic: Tenses in English Grammar

Introduction:
Tenses are used to show the time of an action or event. They play a key role in constructing correct
and meaningful sentences.


There are three main types of Tenses:
1. Present Tense
2. Past Tense
3. Future Tense
Each tense has four sub-types: Simple, Continuous, Perfect, and Perfect Continuous.



1. Present Tense

A. Simple Present:
- Used for habitual actions, universal truths.
- Structure: Subject + base form of verb (+ s/es)
- Example: She writes a letter.


B. Present Continuous:
- Actions happening now.
- Structure: Subject + is/am/are + verb+ing
- Example: She is writing a letter.


C. Present Perfect:
- Actions completed just now.
- Structure: Subject + has/have + past participle
- Example: She has written a letter.


D. Present Perfect Continuous:
- Actions started in the past and continuing now.
- Structure: Subject + has/have been + verb+ing