LCSW EXAM PREP SOCIAL WORK
THEORIES AND MODELS OF
PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Behavior Therapy/Modification - ANSWER-Use of quantitative response as opposed
to qualitative one to establish effectiveness
Generally uses Nomothetic Methodology-important emphasis is placed on: scientific
protocol and technique; hypotheses are tested under strict rules and guidelines; tools
of measurement are clearly defined; journals, diaries, homework, and participant
observation are often used
"thoughts relate to troublesome action"
Reinforcement = behaviour increase, or strengthen behavior
Punishment = behavior decrease, or weaken behavior
Negative = to take something away, avoid or subtract
Positive = to add/give something, add
Reinforcer (to support) vs. Renforcement (behavior strengthen or increase).
Reinforcer: if the reinforcer follows the behavior the behavior is more likely to
increase; therefore, reinforcement often strengthens a behavior
Stimulus Generalization: the same response is given to various stimuli
Aversive therapy: e.g., dog with a shock collar to stop the dog from barking so much
(Behavior Therapy/Mod) Reinforcement = - ANSWER-behavior increase, or
strengthen behavior
(Behavior Therapy/Mod) Punishment = - ANSWER-behavior decrease, or weaken
behavior
(Behavior Therapy/Mod) Negative = - ANSWER-to take something away, avoid or
subtract
(Behavior Therapy/Mod) Positive = - ANSWER-to add/give something, add
Present Positive Reinforcer - ANSWER-Positive Reinforcement
strengthens behaviour
Present Negative Reinforcer - ANSWER-Punishment
weakens behavior
Withdraw Positive Reinforcer - ANSWER-Punishment
weakens behavior
Withdraw Negative Reinforcer - ANSWER-Negative Reinforcement
strengthens behavior
Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT) - ANSWER-Albert Ellis
, Humanistic Cognitive Behavioral form of treatment
Dysfunctional behaviors are the result of irrational thoughts and beliefs
Used the ABCDE model
A=objective facts and behaviors and individual encounters
B=individuals beliefs about "A"
C=the emotional and behavioral consequences of "A"
D=therapist debates the irrational beliefs by asking specific why, where, and how
questions
E=the cognitive emotional and behavioral effects associated with the irrational
beliefs are examined
Problem Solving Model - ANSWER-Perlman
Here and now
4 Ps of Problem Solving approach
1)place
2)person
3)place
4)process
Used as a foundation for the development of brief therapy and crisis intervention
Task Centered Social Work - ANSWER-Reid
Focused on tasks to be accomplished
Solution Focused Social Work - ANSWER-Emphasis is placed on developing
solutions for addressee problem behaviors
Change-talk or change-strategy is the focus of all interventive efforts
Systems Theory - ANSWER-Value base: 1) society has the obligation to ensure that
people have access to resources and opportunities, 2) when providing resources
dignity and individuality should be obtained.
Assumptions (4):
1) goal oriented planned change
2) small group/individual is seen as an organic entity with boundaries, purposes, and
mechanisms for staining change and maintaining stability, whatever happens to one
component of a system directly affects another
3) 4 systems are identified in which the social worker must be involved- 1. change
agent, 2. client system, 3. target system, 4. action system
4) workers use techniques of educating, advocacy, facilitation, and intervention
5) 8 practice skill areas that workers need: assessing problems, collecting data,
making initial contracts, negotiating contracts, forming action systems, maintaining
and coordinating action systems, exercising influence, and terminating the change
effort
6) Problems are not viewed as in the client; problems are viewed as in the system
Ecological Systems Perspective - ANSWER-Study of relations between the
organism and the environment.
Transactional exchanges with each exchange affecting the other.
Good model to use with use to address minority concerns
Must include community in every part of assessment
Adaptation and goodness of fit with environment must be established
THEORIES AND MODELS OF
PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Behavior Therapy/Modification - ANSWER-Use of quantitative response as opposed
to qualitative one to establish effectiveness
Generally uses Nomothetic Methodology-important emphasis is placed on: scientific
protocol and technique; hypotheses are tested under strict rules and guidelines; tools
of measurement are clearly defined; journals, diaries, homework, and participant
observation are often used
"thoughts relate to troublesome action"
Reinforcement = behaviour increase, or strengthen behavior
Punishment = behavior decrease, or weaken behavior
Negative = to take something away, avoid or subtract
Positive = to add/give something, add
Reinforcer (to support) vs. Renforcement (behavior strengthen or increase).
Reinforcer: if the reinforcer follows the behavior the behavior is more likely to
increase; therefore, reinforcement often strengthens a behavior
Stimulus Generalization: the same response is given to various stimuli
Aversive therapy: e.g., dog with a shock collar to stop the dog from barking so much
(Behavior Therapy/Mod) Reinforcement = - ANSWER-behavior increase, or
strengthen behavior
(Behavior Therapy/Mod) Punishment = - ANSWER-behavior decrease, or weaken
behavior
(Behavior Therapy/Mod) Negative = - ANSWER-to take something away, avoid or
subtract
(Behavior Therapy/Mod) Positive = - ANSWER-to add/give something, add
Present Positive Reinforcer - ANSWER-Positive Reinforcement
strengthens behaviour
Present Negative Reinforcer - ANSWER-Punishment
weakens behavior
Withdraw Positive Reinforcer - ANSWER-Punishment
weakens behavior
Withdraw Negative Reinforcer - ANSWER-Negative Reinforcement
strengthens behavior
Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT) - ANSWER-Albert Ellis
, Humanistic Cognitive Behavioral form of treatment
Dysfunctional behaviors are the result of irrational thoughts and beliefs
Used the ABCDE model
A=objective facts and behaviors and individual encounters
B=individuals beliefs about "A"
C=the emotional and behavioral consequences of "A"
D=therapist debates the irrational beliefs by asking specific why, where, and how
questions
E=the cognitive emotional and behavioral effects associated with the irrational
beliefs are examined
Problem Solving Model - ANSWER-Perlman
Here and now
4 Ps of Problem Solving approach
1)place
2)person
3)place
4)process
Used as a foundation for the development of brief therapy and crisis intervention
Task Centered Social Work - ANSWER-Reid
Focused on tasks to be accomplished
Solution Focused Social Work - ANSWER-Emphasis is placed on developing
solutions for addressee problem behaviors
Change-talk or change-strategy is the focus of all interventive efforts
Systems Theory - ANSWER-Value base: 1) society has the obligation to ensure that
people have access to resources and opportunities, 2) when providing resources
dignity and individuality should be obtained.
Assumptions (4):
1) goal oriented planned change
2) small group/individual is seen as an organic entity with boundaries, purposes, and
mechanisms for staining change and maintaining stability, whatever happens to one
component of a system directly affects another
3) 4 systems are identified in which the social worker must be involved- 1. change
agent, 2. client system, 3. target system, 4. action system
4) workers use techniques of educating, advocacy, facilitation, and intervention
5) 8 practice skill areas that workers need: assessing problems, collecting data,
making initial contracts, negotiating contracts, forming action systems, maintaining
and coordinating action systems, exercising influence, and terminating the change
effort
6) Problems are not viewed as in the client; problems are viewed as in the system
Ecological Systems Perspective - ANSWER-Study of relations between the
organism and the environment.
Transactional exchanges with each exchange affecting the other.
Good model to use with use to address minority concerns
Must include community in every part of assessment
Adaptation and goodness of fit with environment must be established
