ISTQB Foundation Level Exam Questions With Verified Answers

Form or content of products to be produced; 2. The process by which the products shall be produced; 3. How compliance to standards or guidelines shall be measured. .Audit trail - ANSWER-A path by which the original input to a process (e.g. data) can be traced back through the process, taking the process output as a starting point. This facilitates defect analysis and allows a process audit to be carried out. .Automated testware - ANSWER-Testware used in automation testing, such as tool scripts. .Availability - ANSWER-The degree to which a component or system is operational and accessible when required for use. Often expressed as a percentage. .Back-to-back testing - ANSWER-Testing in which two or more variants of a component or system are executed with the same inputs, the outputs compared, and analyzed in cases or discrepancies. .Balanced scorecard - ANSWER-A strategic performance management tool for measuring whether the operational activities of a company are aligned with its objectives in terms of business vision and strategy. .Baseline - ANSWER-A specification or software product that has been formally reviewed or agreed upon that thereafter serves as the basis for further development, and that can be changed only through a formal change control process. .Basic block - ANSWER-A sequence of one or more consecutive executable statements containing no branches. .Basic block set - ANSWER-A set of test cases derived from the internal structure of a component or specification to ensure that 100% of a specified coverage criteria will be achieved. .Behavior - ANSWER-The response of a component or system to a set of input values and preconditions. .Benchmark test - ANSWER-1. A standard against which measurements or comparisons can be made. 2. A test that is used to compare component or systems to each other or to a standard as in 1. .Bespoke software - ANSWER-Also known as customer software. Software developed specifically for a set of users or customers. The opposite is off-the-shelf software. .Best practice - ANSWER-A superior method or innovative practice that contributes to the improved performance of an organization under given context, usually recognized 'best' by other peer organizations. .Beta testing (field testing) - ANSWER-Operational testing by potential and/or existing users/customers at an external site not otherwise involved with the developers, to determine whether or not a component or system satisfies the user/customer needs and fits within the business processes. Beta testing is often employed as a form of external testing for off-the-shelf software in order to acquire feedback from the market. .Big-bang testing - ANSWER-A type of integration testing in which software elements, hardware elements, or both are combined all at once into a component or an overall system, rather than in stages. .Black box test design technique - ANSWER-Also known as black box technique. Procedure to derive and/or select test cases based on an analysis of the specification, either functional or non-functional, of a component or system without reference to its internal structure. .Black-box (specification-based) test design technique - ANSWER-Procedure to derive and/or select test cases based on an analysis of the specification, either functional or non-functional, of a component or system without reference to its internal structure. .Black-box testing (specification based testing) - ANSWER-Testing, either functional or non-functional , without reference to the internal structure of the component or system. .Blocked test case - ANSWER-A test case that cannot be executed because the precondition for its execution are not fulfilled. .Bottom-up testing - ANSWER-An incremental approach to integration testing where the lowest level components are tested first, and then used to facilitate the testing of higher level components. This process is repeated until the component at the top of the hierarchy is tested. .Boundary value - ANSWER-An input value or output value which is on the edge of an equivalence partition or at the smallest incremental distance on either side of an edge, for example the minimum or maximum value of a range. .Boundary value analysis - ANSWER-Also know as Boundary value. A black box test design technique in which test cases are designed based on boundary values. .Boundary value coverage - ANSWER-The percentage of boundary values that have been exercised by a test suite. .Branch - ANSWER-A basic block that can be selected for execution based on a program construct in which one of two or more alternatively program paths is available, e.g. case, jump, go to, if-then-else. .Branch coverage - ANSWER-The percentage of branches that have been exercised by a test suite. 100% branch coverage implies both 100% decision coverage and 100% statement coverage. .Branch testing - ANSWER-Also known as Algorithm test or Arc testing. A white box test design technique in which test cases are designed to execute branches. .Buffer - ANSWER-A device or storage area used to store data temporarily for differences in rates of data flow, time, or occurrence of events, or amounts of data that can be handled by the devices or processes involved in the transfer or use of the data. .Buffer overflow - ANSWER-A memory access failure due to the attempt by a process to store data beyond the boundaries of a fixed length buffer, resulting in overwriting of adjacent memory areas or the raising of an overflow exception. .Business process-based testing - ANSWER-An approach to testing in which test cases are designed based on descriptions and/or knowledge of business processes. .Call graph - ANSWER-An abstract representation of calling relationships between subroutines in a program. .Capability Maturity Model (CMM) - ANSWER-A five level staged framework that described the key elements of an effective software process. The Capability Maturity Model covers best-practices for planning, engineering, and managing software development and maintenance. .Capability Maturity Model integration (CMMI) - ANSWER-A framework that describes the key elements of an effective product development and maintenance process. The Capability Maturity Model Integration covers best-practices for planning, engineering, and managing product development and maintenance. CMMI is the designated successor of the CMM. .Capture/playback tool - ANSWER-Also known as Capture/replay tool. A type of test execution tool where inputs are recorded during manual testing in order to generate automated test scripts that can be executed later (i.e. replayed). These tools are often used to support automated regression testing. .Capture/playback tool (capture/replay tool) - ANSWER-A type of test execution tool where inputs are recorded during manual testing in order to generate automated test scripts that can be executed later (i.e. replayed). These tools are often used to support automated regression testing. .CASE - ANSWER-Acronym for Computer Aided Software Engineering.