SURGERY OF THE EAR, NOSE,
PHARYNX AND LARYNX EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
What is the purpose of a rongeur? - ANSWER-Specifically to cut bone
What must be used with a gouge, chisel or osteotome to model nasal bone? -
ANSWER-Used with a small mallet to model nasal bone.
What is a microdebrider? Why would this be used? - ANSWER-Used to to excise
tissue during nasal and laryngeal surgery. It is a small, powered handpiece with
rotating blades. It removes small segments of tissue and suction them, removing
blood and debris from the surgical field.
Name the three different focal angles a sinus endoscope is available in. Explain
when each would be used. - ANSWER-Available in focal angles of 0, 30, and 70
degrees. The 0 degree scope is used for sinus exploration and evaluation in all
procedures. The 30 degrees scope is used for maxillary, sphenoid and ethmoid
sinus procedures. The 70degree scope is used for procedures of the frontal sinus.
What are most endoscopic procedures of the nose done to treat? - ANSWER-To
treat disease of the paranasal sinuses, nasal cavity, and skull base and to improve
nasal airflow.
What is the patient's position for an endoscopic sinus surgery? - ANSWER-Supine
with head stabilized on a doughnut headrest and the arms tucked at the sides.
When performing a polypectomy, forceps or microdebrider is used to remove the
polyps. What is used to remove the tissue fragments? - ANSWER-A #12 Frazier
suction device is used to remove the morcellated tissue.
What is a Caldwell-Luc procedure? Why would this be performed? - ANSWER-A
technique used to enter the maxillary sinus through an incision is made in the
gingival buccal sulcus. Performed for drainage of an abscess in the maxillary sinus
and surgical removal of granulation tissue that has accumulated as a result of
chronic sinus infection.
What is a turbinectomy? This can be done in combination with what other
procedure? - ANSWER-Removal of the bony turbinate to increase airflows through
the nose
What is a septoplasty? - ANSWER-Surgical manipulation of the septum to return it to
the correct anatomical position or to gain access to the sphenoid sinus for removal of
a pituitary tumor.
, What is used to incise the nasal septum? - ANSWER-A #15 blade
When performing a tonsillectomy, what must be available at all times? What does
the retractor get attached to? - ANSWER-The mouth is held open using a retractor,
which is attached to the mayo stand tray.
What is the primary reason for performing an adenoidectomy? What else can this
lead to? - ANSWER-Chronic infection and obstruction caused by hypertrophy of the
tissue. This often leads to obstruction of the eustachian tube and chronic otitis
media.
What is a uvulopalatopharyngoplasty? Why would this be performed? - ANSWER-
Reconstruction of the uvula and oropharynx, or uvulopalato-pharyngoplasty, is
performed to reduce and tighten oropharyngeal tissue.
What is a tracheostomy? Where can this procedure be performed? - ANSWER-
Performed to provide a patent airway, may take place in the ER department, ICU or
OR
How is the neck organized for identification? - ANSWER-Into triangles (anterior and
posterior)
What is the most common cause of loss of movement of the ossicles? - ANSWER-A
cholesteatoma
What is a cochlear implant? - ANSWER-Used to transmit external sound directly to
the eighth cranial nerve.
Does this implant replace sound? - ANSWER-It is used in the treatment of
sensorineural deafness
Can this procedure be done to treat congenital deafness in a child? - ANSWER-yes
What are the paranasal sinuses and where can they be found? - ANSWER-Paired
maxillary sinuses are the large sinuses below the ocular orbits.
Where is the nasopharynx? What does it communicate with? - ANSWER-Situated
behind the nasal cavity and above the oral cavity. Communicates with the nasal
sinuses and the oropharynx below it.
What structures are found in the floor of the mouth? - ANSWER-The floor of the
mouth contains the ducts for the paired submandibular and lingual salivary glands.
Name some examples of endoscopic procedures that can be performed on the
upper respiratory tract. - ANSWER-Sinusoscopy, laryngoscopy, and bronchoscopy
What is the prep margin for a patient undergoing a nasal procedure? - ANSWER-
Generally prepped from the forehead to the upper neck, including the entire face.
PHARYNX AND LARYNX EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
What is the purpose of a rongeur? - ANSWER-Specifically to cut bone
What must be used with a gouge, chisel or osteotome to model nasal bone? -
ANSWER-Used with a small mallet to model nasal bone.
What is a microdebrider? Why would this be used? - ANSWER-Used to to excise
tissue during nasal and laryngeal surgery. It is a small, powered handpiece with
rotating blades. It removes small segments of tissue and suction them, removing
blood and debris from the surgical field.
Name the three different focal angles a sinus endoscope is available in. Explain
when each would be used. - ANSWER-Available in focal angles of 0, 30, and 70
degrees. The 0 degree scope is used for sinus exploration and evaluation in all
procedures. The 30 degrees scope is used for maxillary, sphenoid and ethmoid
sinus procedures. The 70degree scope is used for procedures of the frontal sinus.
What are most endoscopic procedures of the nose done to treat? - ANSWER-To
treat disease of the paranasal sinuses, nasal cavity, and skull base and to improve
nasal airflow.
What is the patient's position for an endoscopic sinus surgery? - ANSWER-Supine
with head stabilized on a doughnut headrest and the arms tucked at the sides.
When performing a polypectomy, forceps or microdebrider is used to remove the
polyps. What is used to remove the tissue fragments? - ANSWER-A #12 Frazier
suction device is used to remove the morcellated tissue.
What is a Caldwell-Luc procedure? Why would this be performed? - ANSWER-A
technique used to enter the maxillary sinus through an incision is made in the
gingival buccal sulcus. Performed for drainage of an abscess in the maxillary sinus
and surgical removal of granulation tissue that has accumulated as a result of
chronic sinus infection.
What is a turbinectomy? This can be done in combination with what other
procedure? - ANSWER-Removal of the bony turbinate to increase airflows through
the nose
What is a septoplasty? - ANSWER-Surgical manipulation of the septum to return it to
the correct anatomical position or to gain access to the sphenoid sinus for removal of
a pituitary tumor.
, What is used to incise the nasal septum? - ANSWER-A #15 blade
When performing a tonsillectomy, what must be available at all times? What does
the retractor get attached to? - ANSWER-The mouth is held open using a retractor,
which is attached to the mayo stand tray.
What is the primary reason for performing an adenoidectomy? What else can this
lead to? - ANSWER-Chronic infection and obstruction caused by hypertrophy of the
tissue. This often leads to obstruction of the eustachian tube and chronic otitis
media.
What is a uvulopalatopharyngoplasty? Why would this be performed? - ANSWER-
Reconstruction of the uvula and oropharynx, or uvulopalato-pharyngoplasty, is
performed to reduce and tighten oropharyngeal tissue.
What is a tracheostomy? Where can this procedure be performed? - ANSWER-
Performed to provide a patent airway, may take place in the ER department, ICU or
OR
How is the neck organized for identification? - ANSWER-Into triangles (anterior and
posterior)
What is the most common cause of loss of movement of the ossicles? - ANSWER-A
cholesteatoma
What is a cochlear implant? - ANSWER-Used to transmit external sound directly to
the eighth cranial nerve.
Does this implant replace sound? - ANSWER-It is used in the treatment of
sensorineural deafness
Can this procedure be done to treat congenital deafness in a child? - ANSWER-yes
What are the paranasal sinuses and where can they be found? - ANSWER-Paired
maxillary sinuses are the large sinuses below the ocular orbits.
Where is the nasopharynx? What does it communicate with? - ANSWER-Situated
behind the nasal cavity and above the oral cavity. Communicates with the nasal
sinuses and the oropharynx below it.
What structures are found in the floor of the mouth? - ANSWER-The floor of the
mouth contains the ducts for the paired submandibular and lingual salivary glands.
Name some examples of endoscopic procedures that can be performed on the
upper respiratory tract. - ANSWER-Sinusoscopy, laryngoscopy, and bronchoscopy
What is the prep margin for a patient undergoing a nasal procedure? - ANSWER-
Generally prepped from the forehead to the upper neck, including the entire face.
