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BIO 482 Exam 1 NEWEST (333 questions) with precise detailed solutions

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BIO 482 Exam 1 NEWEST (333 questions) with precise detailed solutions

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BIO 482
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Institution
BIO 482
Course
BIO 482

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Uploaded on
April 26, 2025
Number of pages
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Written in
2024/2025
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Exam (elaborations)
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BIO 482 Exam 1 NEWEST
with precise detailed solutions

Physiology - correct answer ✔The study of how animals work, particularly internal
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mechanisms (how cells, organs, organ systems, and whole-bodies function).
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Systems Physiology - correct answer ✔The study of organization and interactions of organ
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systems.


Ecological Physiology/ Environmental Physiology - correct answer ✔The study of the
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relationships between organisms and their environments. |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Comparative Physiology/ Evolutionary Physiology - correct answer ✔The study of the
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mechanisms, diversity, and evolution of physiology. |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Integrative Physiology - correct answer ✔The study of synthesis across levels of biological
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organization.


The study of physiology integrates _________________ - correct answer ✔all levels of
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biological organization, as well as chemistry, physics, and mathematics.
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Overall, physiology is the key discipline for understanding fundamental ______ of all
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organisms, including ______ and ______. - correct answer ✔biology
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health
disease

,Physiology's two central questions: - correct answer ✔1. Mechanism? (How?- Important to |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




know how things work) |||||| |||||| ||||||




2. Evolution? (How? and Why?- Important to know how and why things came to be and
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how they change) |||||| ||||||




The larvae of a particular species of marine crab are bright orange, the adults of the species
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




are white. An expert asked "Why are the 2 different life stages different in color?" She
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




replied "The larvae accumulate orange-colored carotenoid pigments, but the adults do not"
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Did she recognize all the significant meanings of the question asked? Explain briefly. -
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correct answer ✔No, she did not answer physiology's 2 central questions: which is
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mechanism and evolution. How did the adults change from orange to white? How and why |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




did they evolve to be like this and how they change?
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Three key properties of animals most relevant to physiology? - correct answer ✔1.
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Structurally dynamic ||||||




2. Organize systems that require energy to maintain their organization
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3. Affected profoundly by time and size
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How are animals structurally dynamic? - correct answer ✔The atomic building blocks are in
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dynamic exchange with those in the environment because cells break down and new ones
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are built for maintenance, growth, healing, etc. So atoms from animal tissues become part
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of the environment daily.
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Explain organized systems that require energy to maintain organization - correct answer
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




✔Many of the materials may be replaced frequently, but organization is still maintained.
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One of the key properties of animals that is most relevant to physiology is that animals are
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organized. What is the most important biological implication of being organized? - correct |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




answer ✔Organization requires energy to be maintained going against the SLT
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




An animal is defined by? - correct answer ✔By its organization not its material building
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blocks

,Most cells of an animal are exposed to _____. - correct answer ✔Internal environment, not
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




external ones ||||||




The _____ environment is maintained at relatively constant conditions--temp, pH, ion
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




concentrations, etc. This was called _______ by Claude Bernard. - correct answer ✔Internal |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Milieu Intérieur ||||||




Milieu Intérieur? - correct answer ✔(Claude Bernard)- Underlying principle of homeostasis-
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




the processes of maintaining life are dependent on the stability and balance of the internal
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




environment.


Conformity - correct answer ✔When external environment varies, the internal environment |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




varies.


Regulation - correct answer ✔When external environment varies, the internal environment |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




is kept constant.
|||||| ||||||




If an animal's internal and external environment are equal, it is said to show __________. -
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




correct answer ✔Conformity |||||| ||||||




Homeostasis - correct answer ✔Regulation of (approximately) constant internal |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




environment.


Claude Bernard: "___________," because _____ - correct answer ✔"Constancy of the
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




internal environment is the condition for free life," because it allows them to maintain their
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functions and activities in widely variable environments.
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Who coined the term homeostasis? - correct answer ✔Walter Cannon
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||

, Homeostasis is usually controlled by ______. - correct answer ✔Negative feedback |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Process of homeostasis? - correct answer ✔-Change in a body variable is detected by a
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




sensor in the body. |||||| |||||| ||||||




-Effector (response organ) carries out response to reverse the change.
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-Response maintains the variable ~ at set point. |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




What are the successful mechanisms for animals to survive and function in their
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




environments? Which takes a lot energy? Which takes less energy? - correct answer |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




✔Homeostasis, conforming, and intermediate states. |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Homeostasis takes a lot of energy |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Conforming takes less energy. |||||| |||||| ||||||




How are animals affected profoundly by time and size? - correct answer ✔Maintaining
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




homeostasis reduces changes in an animal's physiology. |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Physiology changes in 5 time frames |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Physiology changes in ____ time frames, which fall into two categories: ______ and ______ -
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




correct answer ✔Five
|||||| |||||| ||||||




Physiological responses to changes in the external environment |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Internally programmed changes of physiology |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Physiological responses to changes in the external environment: (3) - correct answer |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




✔Acute, Chronic, and Evolutionary changes |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Internally programmed changes of physiology: (2) - correct answer ✔Developmental
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




changes and changes controlled by periodic biological clocks
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______, ______, and _____ refer to types of change in physiology. ________ refer to when
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




those changes occur - correct answer ✔Regulation, conformity, and homeostasis
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||

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