BIOLOGY FINAL EXAM LIVING
SYSTEMS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Differentiated cell and stem cell fusion, cell to cell fusion - ANSWER-diff cell+stem
cell+tfactors= nonvble 4ncell, but resulting cell contains double amount of DNA
Direct reprograming - ANSWER-stem cell and factors reprogram the cell to make
induced pluripotent stem cells and result in cells that cannot be used in clones
epigenetic changes
Reproductive cloning - ANSWER-genetically identical copy of an individual and
begins with a somatic cell nuclear transfer
Theraputic cloning - ANSWER-produces specific tissues but not a whole organism.
begins with SCNT but inner cell mass is harvested and cultured, stem cells can
develop into tissues in lab and the tissues are then put back into the patient
Uses of cloning, Reproductive - ANSWER-bring back extinct species to life, and
replicate livestock for agricultural or culinary purpses
uses of cloning, Theraputic - ANSWER-rejection free organs for patients
can be used to treat autoimmune diseases
cell divisions are called_____ and do not go through G1 or G2 phases in the cell
growth cycle. therefore, they split but do not grow - ANSWER-cleavages
stem cells - ANSWER-basic cells, unspecialized, but have the ability to form any cell
cell differentiation - ANSWER-process of stem cells dividing into two daughter cells,
one new stem cell, and one differentiated cell
totipotet - ANSWER-total package, a stem cell that can form ANY new cell, and
embryonic as well, UNLIMITED!!!!!
pluripotent - ANSWER-all cells except for , somewhat limited
putipotent - ANSWER-multiple different specific cells, more limited
unipotent - ANSWER-sex cells, only make one type of cell, very limited
Pattern formation - ANSWER-systematic gene expression dictates body plan, and
differential expression patterns indicate various parts.
Hox Genes
Hox Genes - ANSWER-protein product is transcription factor
position on the chromosome usually coincides w/position
SYSTEMS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Differentiated cell and stem cell fusion, cell to cell fusion - ANSWER-diff cell+stem
cell+tfactors= nonvble 4ncell, but resulting cell contains double amount of DNA
Direct reprograming - ANSWER-stem cell and factors reprogram the cell to make
induced pluripotent stem cells and result in cells that cannot be used in clones
epigenetic changes
Reproductive cloning - ANSWER-genetically identical copy of an individual and
begins with a somatic cell nuclear transfer
Theraputic cloning - ANSWER-produces specific tissues but not a whole organism.
begins with SCNT but inner cell mass is harvested and cultured, stem cells can
develop into tissues in lab and the tissues are then put back into the patient
Uses of cloning, Reproductive - ANSWER-bring back extinct species to life, and
replicate livestock for agricultural or culinary purpses
uses of cloning, Theraputic - ANSWER-rejection free organs for patients
can be used to treat autoimmune diseases
cell divisions are called_____ and do not go through G1 or G2 phases in the cell
growth cycle. therefore, they split but do not grow - ANSWER-cleavages
stem cells - ANSWER-basic cells, unspecialized, but have the ability to form any cell
cell differentiation - ANSWER-process of stem cells dividing into two daughter cells,
one new stem cell, and one differentiated cell
totipotet - ANSWER-total package, a stem cell that can form ANY new cell, and
embryonic as well, UNLIMITED!!!!!
pluripotent - ANSWER-all cells except for , somewhat limited
putipotent - ANSWER-multiple different specific cells, more limited
unipotent - ANSWER-sex cells, only make one type of cell, very limited
Pattern formation - ANSWER-systematic gene expression dictates body plan, and
differential expression patterns indicate various parts.
Hox Genes
Hox Genes - ANSWER-protein product is transcription factor
position on the chromosome usually coincides w/position
