BIOLOGY BODY SYSTEMS TEST
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Reflex arcs - ANSWER--process by which reflex occurs.
-Example: you step on a nail. Sensory receptors will pick up the pain and relay that
message to the spinal cord.
-the spinal cord contains many interneurons that will message to motor neurons.
-the motor neurons will send a message to your muscles (effector) in your leg and
make it move.
-body responds before you realize what has happened.
Example: touch hot stove.
The Skeleton - ANSWER--Functions of the Skeleton:
1. Supports the body.
2. Protects internal organs.
3. Provides movement.
4. Provides a sit for red blood cell production.
Part of digestive system - ANSWER-4. Small Intestine:
-Most digestion starts and ends here.
-Lined with villi millions of finger like projections that increase absorption surface
area.
-Most absorption of nutrients occurs here.
-Chyme first enters the duodenum (first part of intestines). -Chyme is mixed with
enzymes secreted by pancreas, liver & gallbladder.
Parts of digestive system - ANSWER-5. Large Intestine:
-Shorter than small intestine but larger in diameter.
-No digestion happens here.
-Main function: Reabsorption of water from waste material.
-Solid waste leaves through the rectum.
Accessory Organs - ANSWER-1. Liver: Just above the stomach that produces bile.
Bile is a fluid filled with lipids and salts, it is not an enzyme. It provides pH needed to
break down fats into smaller places. It is a form of mechanical digestion.
2. Gallbladder: Where bile is stored & slowly released to small intestine.
3. Pancreas: Produces hormones to regulate blood sugar levels, pancreatic juice
containing enzymes & neutralizes acids so enzymes are effective
, Malfunctions of the digestive system - ANSWER-1. Ulcer: Open sores on the walls of
the digestive tract. Acid infects and causes pain.
2. Constipation: Feces in the large intestine becomes highly solidified & elimination
of waste is difficult--> to much water is absorbed in large intestine.
3. Diarrhea: Insufficient removal of water from food. Waste is watery and elimination
is frequent. Often associated with infection. Prolonged cases result in dehydration.
4. Appendicitis: Inflammation of appendix (where small & large intestines meet)
which causes pain, nausea and fever.
5. Gallstones: Handed deposits from in the gallbladder when cholesterol settles out
of bile. Gallstones can block passage of bile out of the gallbladder.
Excretory System - ANSWER-Excretion: Is the removal of metabolic waste products
such as urea, water carbon dioxide and salts.
-Homeostasis: Requires the body to remove (toxic) waste regularly. -Organic
Excretion:(2 functions of urinary system).
1. Excrete nitrogenous wastes.
2. Regulate concentration of substances in blood.
Organs Associated with Excretory System - ANSWER-1. Skin: Releases sweat (urea
& water) to cool body off.
2. Lungs: Releases excess dioxide.
3. Kidneys:
-Principle organ of excretion.
-Two bean shaped organs located near the rear of the abdominal cavity.
-Blood enters two renal arteries to kidney.
-Clean filtered blood returns two renal veins to the circulatory system.
Kidneys - ANSWER--Inside the kidney are millions of filtering units called nephrons.
-Nephrons: Are the functional unit of the kidney that filters water out of blood.
Parts & Functions of Nephrons - ANSWER--Each microscope nephron is made up of
a thin walled cup called the Bowman's Capsule. This is where
filtration takes place.
-Inside of Bowman's Capsule is a cluster of capillaries called the Glomerulus.
-Part of Bowman's Capsule, a part of the nephron descends to from The Loop of
Henle, which reabsorbs water.
-Collection Tubules: Collects Urine.
Filtration - ANSWER- Filtrate: Material such as water, glucose amino acids and urea.
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Reflex arcs - ANSWER--process by which reflex occurs.
-Example: you step on a nail. Sensory receptors will pick up the pain and relay that
message to the spinal cord.
-the spinal cord contains many interneurons that will message to motor neurons.
-the motor neurons will send a message to your muscles (effector) in your leg and
make it move.
-body responds before you realize what has happened.
Example: touch hot stove.
The Skeleton - ANSWER--Functions of the Skeleton:
1. Supports the body.
2. Protects internal organs.
3. Provides movement.
4. Provides a sit for red blood cell production.
Part of digestive system - ANSWER-4. Small Intestine:
-Most digestion starts and ends here.
-Lined with villi millions of finger like projections that increase absorption surface
area.
-Most absorption of nutrients occurs here.
-Chyme first enters the duodenum (first part of intestines). -Chyme is mixed with
enzymes secreted by pancreas, liver & gallbladder.
Parts of digestive system - ANSWER-5. Large Intestine:
-Shorter than small intestine but larger in diameter.
-No digestion happens here.
-Main function: Reabsorption of water from waste material.
-Solid waste leaves through the rectum.
Accessory Organs - ANSWER-1. Liver: Just above the stomach that produces bile.
Bile is a fluid filled with lipids and salts, it is not an enzyme. It provides pH needed to
break down fats into smaller places. It is a form of mechanical digestion.
2. Gallbladder: Where bile is stored & slowly released to small intestine.
3. Pancreas: Produces hormones to regulate blood sugar levels, pancreatic juice
containing enzymes & neutralizes acids so enzymes are effective
, Malfunctions of the digestive system - ANSWER-1. Ulcer: Open sores on the walls of
the digestive tract. Acid infects and causes pain.
2. Constipation: Feces in the large intestine becomes highly solidified & elimination
of waste is difficult--> to much water is absorbed in large intestine.
3. Diarrhea: Insufficient removal of water from food. Waste is watery and elimination
is frequent. Often associated with infection. Prolonged cases result in dehydration.
4. Appendicitis: Inflammation of appendix (where small & large intestines meet)
which causes pain, nausea and fever.
5. Gallstones: Handed deposits from in the gallbladder when cholesterol settles out
of bile. Gallstones can block passage of bile out of the gallbladder.
Excretory System - ANSWER-Excretion: Is the removal of metabolic waste products
such as urea, water carbon dioxide and salts.
-Homeostasis: Requires the body to remove (toxic) waste regularly. -Organic
Excretion:(2 functions of urinary system).
1. Excrete nitrogenous wastes.
2. Regulate concentration of substances in blood.
Organs Associated with Excretory System - ANSWER-1. Skin: Releases sweat (urea
& water) to cool body off.
2. Lungs: Releases excess dioxide.
3. Kidneys:
-Principle organ of excretion.
-Two bean shaped organs located near the rear of the abdominal cavity.
-Blood enters two renal arteries to kidney.
-Clean filtered blood returns two renal veins to the circulatory system.
Kidneys - ANSWER--Inside the kidney are millions of filtering units called nephrons.
-Nephrons: Are the functional unit of the kidney that filters water out of blood.
Parts & Functions of Nephrons - ANSWER--Each microscope nephron is made up of
a thin walled cup called the Bowman's Capsule. This is where
filtration takes place.
-Inside of Bowman's Capsule is a cluster of capillaries called the Glomerulus.
-Part of Bowman's Capsule, a part of the nephron descends to from The Loop of
Henle, which reabsorbs water.
-Collection Tubules: Collects Urine.
Filtration - ANSWER- Filtrate: Material such as water, glucose amino acids and urea.
