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G G G G G G G G
WhatGareGtheGthreeGsectionsGofGtheGpharynx?GcorrectGanswersGOropharynx,Gnasopharynx,Glaryngo
pharynxG(hypopharynx)
WhatGisGtheGtotalGcross-
sectionalGareaGofGtheGpulmonaryGprecapillaryGarterioles?GcorrectGanswersG400Gcm2
Q:GWhatGphenomenonGisGresponsibleGforGventilatoryGlimitationGthatGoccursGwhenGexercisingGtoGth
eGlevelGthatGtheGventilationGrequiredGisGgreaterGthanGtheGmaximumGsustainedGventilatoryGcapacityG
(MSVC)?GcorrectGanswersGA:GVentilatoryGmuscleGfatigue
Q:GWhatGisGtransairwayGpressure?GcorrectGanswersGA:GMouthGpressureG-GalveolarGpressure
Q:GWhatGisGtheGtermGforGtheGareaGwhereGtheGtracheaGbifurcatesGintoGleftGandGrightGmainstemGbronc
hi?GcorrectGanswersGA:GTheGcarina
Q:GTheGtracheaGisGsupportedGbyGhowGmanyGC-shapedGcartilages?GcorrectGanswersGA:G16GtoG20
Q:GWhatGareGtheGthreeGmajorGlayersGofGtheGtracheobronchialGwall?GcorrectGanswersGA:GEpithelialGl
ining,GlaminarGpropria,GcartilagenousGlayer
Q:GRestingGCO2GoutputGisGaboutG240Gml/min.GHowGhighGcanGitGgoGinGaGmoderatelyGfitGsubjectGdur
ingGexercise?GcorrectGanswersGA:GAboutG3,000Gml/min
Q:GaccordingGtoGPG&GK,GtheGadultGnormalGrespiratoryGrateGrangesGfromG10-
20GBPMGandGaveragesG16GBPMGinGmen.GWhatGisGtheGaverageGrespiratoryGrateGforGwomen?Gcorrec
tGanswersGA:G18
Q:GWhatGisGtheGmeaningGofGtheGacronymGCOP?GcorrectGanswersGA:GColloidGosmoticGpressure
Q:GWhatGisGtheGmeaningGofGtheGacronymGSOD?G(it'sGandGenzyme)GcorrectGanswersGA:GSuperoxide
Gdismutase
Q:GWhatGusuallyGhappensGtoGventilationGasGaGresultGofGregionalGreductionGorGcessationGofGpulmon
aryGbloodGflow?GcorrectGanswersGA:GDecreasedGventilationGtoGtheGcorrespondingGregion
Q:GWhatGenzymeGactsGonGmembrane-
boundGphospholipidGtoGproduceGarachidonicGacid?GcorrectGanswersGA:GPhospholipaseGA2
Q:GWhatGminuteGventilationGincreaseGwouldGsomeoneGhaveGtoGhaveGtoGreduceGhisGPCO2GfromG40G
torrGtoG8Gtorr?GcorrectGanswersGA:GFiveGfoldGincreaseGinGVA
Q:GWhatGpercentGofGbradykininGisGinactivatedGbyGpassageGthroughGtheGlung?GcorrectGanswersGA:G
UpGtoG80%G(GserotoninG&GnorepinephrineGareGinactivatedGbutGnotGbyGenzymesG-
GuptakeGandGstorageG-GthenGreleasedGduringGanaphylaxis)
,Q:GWhatGdoGyouGcallGdirectGvascularGconnectionsGbetweenGbronchialGandGpulmonaryGarteries?Gcor
rectGanswersGA:GBronchopulmonaryGarterialGanastomosesG(asGaGconsequence,GtheGinterruptionGofG
theGbronchialGcirculationGduringGlungGtransplantationGcanGbeGcompensatedGforGbyGcollateralGroute
GfromGtheGpulmonaryGarteries)
Q:GInGaGhealthyGadult,GwhatGmaximalGnegativeGintrapleuralGpressureGmayGbeGgeneratedGduringGfor
cedGinspirationGagainstGaGclosedGglottis?GcorrectGanswersGA:G-50GcmH2OG(-36.8GmmHg)
Q:GWhatGisGtheGmaximalGpeakGflowGthatGcanGbeGachievedGthroughGnasalGbreathing?GcorrectGanswe
rsGA:G1.5GtoG2GL/s
Q:GHowGmuchGofGtheGtotalG42GlitersGofGbodyGwaterGisGinGtheGformGofGintracellularGfluidGandGhowG
muchGisGinGextracellularGfluid?GcorrectGanswersGA:GICFG=G2/3GorG28GL,GECFG=G1/3GorG14GL
Q:GDescribeGwhatGtheGtermG"recruitmentGofGcapillaries"GdoesGtoGoverallGpulmonaryGvascularGresist
ance.GcorrectGanswersGA:GItGlowersGPVRGbyGinvolvingGmoreGcapillariesGinGcirculation
Q:GWhatGareGtheGtwoGreasonsGwhyGtheGdiffusingGcapacityGofGtheGlungGincreasesGduringGexercise?G
correctGanswersGA:GIncreaseGinGdiffusingGcapacityGofGtheGmembraneG(knownGasGDM),GincreaseGinG
volumeGofGbloodGinGtheGcapillariesG(knownGasGVC);G(1/DLG=G1/DMG+G1/VC)
Q:GInnervationGofGtheGdiaphragmGinGtheGdogGisGwhere?GcorrectGanswersGA:G4thGtoG6thGcervicalGner
ves
Q:GNameGthreeGpossibleGmechanismsGthatGcauseGairwaysGtoGconstrict.GcorrectGanswersGA:GParasy
mpatheticG(cholinergic)Gstimulation,Galpha-sympatheticGstimulation,Gbeta-receptorGblockade
Q:GWhatGcontrolsGCa+GlevelsGinGserum?GcorrectGanswersGA:GParathyroidGhormoneG(PTH)GandGvita
minGD
Q:GPatientsGwithGincreasedGPTHGhaveGwhat?GcorrectGanswersGHypercalcemia
Q:GWhatGisGtheGanionGgap?GcorrectGanswersGA:GTheGdifferenceGbetweenGtheGcommonlyGmeasuredG
cationsGandGanions
Q:GAccordingGtoGFarzan,GwhereGdoesGtheGlowerGrespiratoryGtractGbegin?GcorrectGanswersGA:GAtGth
eGcarina
Q:GWhatGisGtheGmostGcommonGstainGusedGinGtheGdeterminationGofGtheGWBCGdifferential?GcorrectG
answersGA:GWright'sGstain
Q:GWhatGareGtheGthreeGchemicalGcomponentsGthatGmakeGupGanGATPGmolecule?GcorrectGanswersGA
:GAdenine,GRibose,GPhosphatesG(3)
,Q:GTheGupperGrespiratoryGtractGconsistsGofGtheGnasalGandGoralGcavities,GtheGpharynx,GandGtheGlaryn
x.GWhatGareGtheGfourGimportantGfunctionsGthatGtheGupperGrespiratoryGtractGperforms?GcorrectGansw
ersGA:GConductsGrespiratoryGgases,GdefenseGmechanismGforGtheGlungs,GhumidifyGinspiredGgases,Gh
eatGexchange
Q:GWhatGproportionGofGtheGtotalGmechanicalGworkGforGoneGbreathGisGattributableGtoGelasticGforcesG
inGaGnormalGindividual?GcorrectGanswersGA:GAboutG2/3
Q:GAGpatient'sGventilatoryGdemandGisGprimarilyGdeterminedGbyGwhatGthreeGfactors?GcorrectGanswe
rsGA:GMetabolicGrateG(CO2Gproduction),GCNSGdrive,GventilatoryGdeadspace
Q:GTheGpulmonaryGlymphaticGsystemGhasGbeenGsubdividedGintoGtwoGpartsGonGtheGbasisGofGlocatio
n,GtheGsuperficialGplexusGandGtheGdeepGplexus.GWhereGareGeachGofGtheGsubdivisionsGlocated?Gcorre
ctGanswersGA:GSuperficialGplexusGisGinGtheGvisceralGpleura,GdeepGplexusGisGinGtheGconnectiveGtissu
eGsurroundingGtheGairwaysGandGbloodGvesselsGofGtheGlung
Q:GWhatGisGtheGheightGandGweightGofGnormalGlungsGatGendGexhalation?GcorrectGanswersGA:G24Gcm,
G900-1000Gg
Q:GWhatGcartilagesGsitGposteriorlyGatopGtheGcricoidGcartilage?GcorrectGanswersGA:GArytenoids
Q:GWhatGisGtheGhalfGlifeGofGtransferrin?GcorrectGanswersGA:G8-10GdaysG(aGcarrierGproteinGforGironG-
GitGisGaGmoreGusefulGindicatorGofGvisceralGproteinGstoresGthanGalbuminGinGpatientsGwithGliverGdiseas
e;GnormalG200-400Gmg/dL)
Q:GTheGepiglottisGisGattachedGanteriorlyGtoGtheGhyoidGboneGbyGwhatGligament?GcorrectGanswersGA:
GHyoepiglotticGligament
Q:GNameG5GpotentialGmechanismsGforGaccumulationGofGpleuralGfluid.GcorrectGanswersGA:G1)GIncre
asedGhydrostaticGpressureGinGmicrovascularGcirculation
2)GDecreasedGosmoticGpressureGinGmicrovascular
3)GDecreasedGpressureGinGpleuralGspaceG(totalGlungGcollapse)
4)GIncreasedGmicrovascularGpermeability
5)GImpairedGlymphaticGdrainage
6)GMovementGofGfluidGfromGperitonealGspace
Q:GTheGlymphaticsGareGresponsibleGforGwhatGpercentGofGpleuralGfluidGabsorption?GcorrectGanswers
GA:G90%G(GtheGremainderGisGabsorbedGviaGconvectionGacrossGtheGpleuralGmesotheliumGintoGtheGlun
gGandGchestGwall)
Q:GHowGmuchGwaterGdoGtheGkidneysGexcreteGeachGdayGandGhowGmuchGNa+GdoesGitGcontain?Gcorre
ctGanswersGA:G1500GmL,G50GmEqGNa+G(40GmEqGK+,G90GmEqGCl-)
Q:GInGaGhealthyGadult,GwhatGmaximalGintrapleuralGpressureGmayGbeGgeneratedGduringGforcedGexhal
ation?GcorrectGanswersGA:G+70GcmH2OG(51.47GmmHg)
, Q:GOfGwhatGtwoGsubstancesGisGhemeGcomposed?GcorrectGanswersGA:GPorphyrinGandGironGatoms
Q:GWhatGorganGisGfirstGaffectedGbyGaltitudeGsickness?GcorrectGanswersGA:GTheGbrain
Q:GApproximatelyGhowGmuchGwaterGcanGcollectGinGtheGinterstitialGspaceGbeforeGperipheralGedemaG
isGclinicallyGevident?GcorrectGanswersGA:G5GlitersG(theGinterstitialGspaceGisG2/3GofGtheGnormalGECFG
volume.GsinceG2/3GofGtotalGbodyGH2OGisGinGICFGandG1/3GisGinGECF,G5GlitersGofGH2OGmustGbeGadde
dGtoGtheGbodyGforGedemaGtoGmanifestGinGpatientsGwithGgeneralizedGedematousGdisorders)
Q:GWhatGnerveGprovidesGtheGprimaryGmotorGinnervationGtoGtheGlarynx?GcorrectGanswersGA:GRecur
rentGlaryngealGnerveG-
GbranchGofGtheGvagusG(superiorGlaryngealGnerve,GorGexternalGbranch,GsuppliesGtheGcricothyroidGmu
scle.GInternalGbranchGsuppliesGsensoryGfibersGtoGtheGlarynx)
Q:GHowGisGtheGpredictedGmaximumGheartGrateGdetermined?GcorrectGanswersGA:G220GBPMG-Gage
Q:GWhatGisGtheGnormalGvalueGofGReynold'sGnumberGinGterminalGbronchioles?GcorrectGanswersGA:G
one
Q:GThereGisGonlyGaGsmallGventilatoryGresponseGtoGlowGarterialGbloodGPO2GuntilGitGfallsGbelowGwhat
Glevel? GcorrectGanswersGA:G50Gtorr
Q:GInGaGhealthyGadult,GbreathingGspontaneously,GwhatGproportionGofGtheGworkGofGbreathingGcanGbe
GattributedGtoGtheGelasticGforcesGopposingGventilation? GcorrectGanswersGA:GaboutG2/3
Q:GWhatGisGtheGestimateGofGtheGtotalGnumberGofGalveolarGmacrophagesGinGtheGlungs?GcorrectGansw
ersGA:G600GmillionG(increasesGinGcigaretteGsmokersGasGmuchGasGfourGtimes;GoriginateGfromGcircula
tingGmonocytesGplusGsomeGthatGoriginateGfromGresidentGcellGdivision)
Q:GHowGlongGdoesGitGusuallyGtakeGaGreticulocyteGtoGmatureGintoGanGerythrocyte?GcorrectGanswersG
A:G1-2Gdays
Q:GNameGtheGtwoGmusclesGthatGformGtheGdiaphragm.GcorrectGanswersGA:GCostal,GcruralG(joinedGb
yGaGcentralGtendon.GCostalGportionGoriginatedGfromGtheGinnerGsurfacesGofGribsG7-
12GandGtheGsternum.GTheGcruralGportionGoriginatedGfromGtheGfirstGthreeGlumbarGvertebralGbodies)
Q:GNameGtheGtwoGbranchesGofGtheGleftGcoronaryGartery.GcorrectGanswersGA:GAnteriorGinterventricu
lar,Gcircumflex
Q:GCarbonicGanhydraseGisGlocatedGinGtheGRBCGandGasGaGresultGofGitsGpresence,GlargeGquantitiesGofG
HCO3GareGproducedGthere,GmostGofGwhichGdiffusesGintoGtheGplasma.GWhatGcolorfulGtermGdescribe
sGtheGmovementGofGtheGCl-
GintoGtheGRBCGtoGmaintainGelectrostaticGequilibrium? GcorrectGanswersGA:GHamburgerGphenomeno
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G G G G G G G G
WhatGareGtheGthreeGsectionsGofGtheGpharynx?GcorrectGanswersGOropharynx,Gnasopharynx,Glaryngo
pharynxG(hypopharynx)
WhatGisGtheGtotalGcross-
sectionalGareaGofGtheGpulmonaryGprecapillaryGarterioles?GcorrectGanswersG400Gcm2
Q:GWhatGphenomenonGisGresponsibleGforGventilatoryGlimitationGthatGoccursGwhenGexercisingGtoGth
eGlevelGthatGtheGventilationGrequiredGisGgreaterGthanGtheGmaximumGsustainedGventilatoryGcapacityG
(MSVC)?GcorrectGanswersGA:GVentilatoryGmuscleGfatigue
Q:GWhatGisGtransairwayGpressure?GcorrectGanswersGA:GMouthGpressureG-GalveolarGpressure
Q:GWhatGisGtheGtermGforGtheGareaGwhereGtheGtracheaGbifurcatesGintoGleftGandGrightGmainstemGbronc
hi?GcorrectGanswersGA:GTheGcarina
Q:GTheGtracheaGisGsupportedGbyGhowGmanyGC-shapedGcartilages?GcorrectGanswersGA:G16GtoG20
Q:GWhatGareGtheGthreeGmajorGlayersGofGtheGtracheobronchialGwall?GcorrectGanswersGA:GEpithelialGl
ining,GlaminarGpropria,GcartilagenousGlayer
Q:GRestingGCO2GoutputGisGaboutG240Gml/min.GHowGhighGcanGitGgoGinGaGmoderatelyGfitGsubjectGdur
ingGexercise?GcorrectGanswersGA:GAboutG3,000Gml/min
Q:GaccordingGtoGPG&GK,GtheGadultGnormalGrespiratoryGrateGrangesGfromG10-
20GBPMGandGaveragesG16GBPMGinGmen.GWhatGisGtheGaverageGrespiratoryGrateGforGwomen?Gcorrec
tGanswersGA:G18
Q:GWhatGisGtheGmeaningGofGtheGacronymGCOP?GcorrectGanswersGA:GColloidGosmoticGpressure
Q:GWhatGisGtheGmeaningGofGtheGacronymGSOD?G(it'sGandGenzyme)GcorrectGanswersGA:GSuperoxide
Gdismutase
Q:GWhatGusuallyGhappensGtoGventilationGasGaGresultGofGregionalGreductionGorGcessationGofGpulmon
aryGbloodGflow?GcorrectGanswersGA:GDecreasedGventilationGtoGtheGcorrespondingGregion
Q:GWhatGenzymeGactsGonGmembrane-
boundGphospholipidGtoGproduceGarachidonicGacid?GcorrectGanswersGA:GPhospholipaseGA2
Q:GWhatGminuteGventilationGincreaseGwouldGsomeoneGhaveGtoGhaveGtoGreduceGhisGPCO2GfromG40G
torrGtoG8Gtorr?GcorrectGanswersGA:GFiveGfoldGincreaseGinGVA
Q:GWhatGpercentGofGbradykininGisGinactivatedGbyGpassageGthroughGtheGlung?GcorrectGanswersGA:G
UpGtoG80%G(GserotoninG&GnorepinephrineGareGinactivatedGbutGnotGbyGenzymesG-
GuptakeGandGstorageG-GthenGreleasedGduringGanaphylaxis)
,Q:GWhatGdoGyouGcallGdirectGvascularGconnectionsGbetweenGbronchialGandGpulmonaryGarteries?Gcor
rectGanswersGA:GBronchopulmonaryGarterialGanastomosesG(asGaGconsequence,GtheGinterruptionGofG
theGbronchialGcirculationGduringGlungGtransplantationGcanGbeGcompensatedGforGbyGcollateralGroute
GfromGtheGpulmonaryGarteries)
Q:GInGaGhealthyGadult,GwhatGmaximalGnegativeGintrapleuralGpressureGmayGbeGgeneratedGduringGfor
cedGinspirationGagainstGaGclosedGglottis?GcorrectGanswersGA:G-50GcmH2OG(-36.8GmmHg)
Q:GWhatGisGtheGmaximalGpeakGflowGthatGcanGbeGachievedGthroughGnasalGbreathing?GcorrectGanswe
rsGA:G1.5GtoG2GL/s
Q:GHowGmuchGofGtheGtotalG42GlitersGofGbodyGwaterGisGinGtheGformGofGintracellularGfluidGandGhowG
muchGisGinGextracellularGfluid?GcorrectGanswersGA:GICFG=G2/3GorG28GL,GECFG=G1/3GorG14GL
Q:GDescribeGwhatGtheGtermG"recruitmentGofGcapillaries"GdoesGtoGoverallGpulmonaryGvascularGresist
ance.GcorrectGanswersGA:GItGlowersGPVRGbyGinvolvingGmoreGcapillariesGinGcirculation
Q:GWhatGareGtheGtwoGreasonsGwhyGtheGdiffusingGcapacityGofGtheGlungGincreasesGduringGexercise?G
correctGanswersGA:GIncreaseGinGdiffusingGcapacityGofGtheGmembraneG(knownGasGDM),GincreaseGinG
volumeGofGbloodGinGtheGcapillariesG(knownGasGVC);G(1/DLG=G1/DMG+G1/VC)
Q:GInnervationGofGtheGdiaphragmGinGtheGdogGisGwhere?GcorrectGanswersGA:G4thGtoG6thGcervicalGner
ves
Q:GNameGthreeGpossibleGmechanismsGthatGcauseGairwaysGtoGconstrict.GcorrectGanswersGA:GParasy
mpatheticG(cholinergic)Gstimulation,Galpha-sympatheticGstimulation,Gbeta-receptorGblockade
Q:GWhatGcontrolsGCa+GlevelsGinGserum?GcorrectGanswersGA:GParathyroidGhormoneG(PTH)GandGvita
minGD
Q:GPatientsGwithGincreasedGPTHGhaveGwhat?GcorrectGanswersGHypercalcemia
Q:GWhatGisGtheGanionGgap?GcorrectGanswersGA:GTheGdifferenceGbetweenGtheGcommonlyGmeasuredG
cationsGandGanions
Q:GAccordingGtoGFarzan,GwhereGdoesGtheGlowerGrespiratoryGtractGbegin?GcorrectGanswersGA:GAtGth
eGcarina
Q:GWhatGisGtheGmostGcommonGstainGusedGinGtheGdeterminationGofGtheGWBCGdifferential?GcorrectG
answersGA:GWright'sGstain
Q:GWhatGareGtheGthreeGchemicalGcomponentsGthatGmakeGupGanGATPGmolecule?GcorrectGanswersGA
:GAdenine,GRibose,GPhosphatesG(3)
,Q:GTheGupperGrespiratoryGtractGconsistsGofGtheGnasalGandGoralGcavities,GtheGpharynx,GandGtheGlaryn
x.GWhatGareGtheGfourGimportantGfunctionsGthatGtheGupperGrespiratoryGtractGperforms?GcorrectGansw
ersGA:GConductsGrespiratoryGgases,GdefenseGmechanismGforGtheGlungs,GhumidifyGinspiredGgases,Gh
eatGexchange
Q:GWhatGproportionGofGtheGtotalGmechanicalGworkGforGoneGbreathGisGattributableGtoGelasticGforcesG
inGaGnormalGindividual?GcorrectGanswersGA:GAboutG2/3
Q:GAGpatient'sGventilatoryGdemandGisGprimarilyGdeterminedGbyGwhatGthreeGfactors?GcorrectGanswe
rsGA:GMetabolicGrateG(CO2Gproduction),GCNSGdrive,GventilatoryGdeadspace
Q:GTheGpulmonaryGlymphaticGsystemGhasGbeenGsubdividedGintoGtwoGpartsGonGtheGbasisGofGlocatio
n,GtheGsuperficialGplexusGandGtheGdeepGplexus.GWhereGareGeachGofGtheGsubdivisionsGlocated?Gcorre
ctGanswersGA:GSuperficialGplexusGisGinGtheGvisceralGpleura,GdeepGplexusGisGinGtheGconnectiveGtissu
eGsurroundingGtheGairwaysGandGbloodGvesselsGofGtheGlung
Q:GWhatGisGtheGheightGandGweightGofGnormalGlungsGatGendGexhalation?GcorrectGanswersGA:G24Gcm,
G900-1000Gg
Q:GWhatGcartilagesGsitGposteriorlyGatopGtheGcricoidGcartilage?GcorrectGanswersGA:GArytenoids
Q:GWhatGisGtheGhalfGlifeGofGtransferrin?GcorrectGanswersGA:G8-10GdaysG(aGcarrierGproteinGforGironG-
GitGisGaGmoreGusefulGindicatorGofGvisceralGproteinGstoresGthanGalbuminGinGpatientsGwithGliverGdiseas
e;GnormalG200-400Gmg/dL)
Q:GTheGepiglottisGisGattachedGanteriorlyGtoGtheGhyoidGboneGbyGwhatGligament?GcorrectGanswersGA:
GHyoepiglotticGligament
Q:GNameG5GpotentialGmechanismsGforGaccumulationGofGpleuralGfluid.GcorrectGanswersGA:G1)GIncre
asedGhydrostaticGpressureGinGmicrovascularGcirculation
2)GDecreasedGosmoticGpressureGinGmicrovascular
3)GDecreasedGpressureGinGpleuralGspaceG(totalGlungGcollapse)
4)GIncreasedGmicrovascularGpermeability
5)GImpairedGlymphaticGdrainage
6)GMovementGofGfluidGfromGperitonealGspace
Q:GTheGlymphaticsGareGresponsibleGforGwhatGpercentGofGpleuralGfluidGabsorption?GcorrectGanswers
GA:G90%G(GtheGremainderGisGabsorbedGviaGconvectionGacrossGtheGpleuralGmesotheliumGintoGtheGlun
gGandGchestGwall)
Q:GHowGmuchGwaterGdoGtheGkidneysGexcreteGeachGdayGandGhowGmuchGNa+GdoesGitGcontain?Gcorre
ctGanswersGA:G1500GmL,G50GmEqGNa+G(40GmEqGK+,G90GmEqGCl-)
Q:GInGaGhealthyGadult,GwhatGmaximalGintrapleuralGpressureGmayGbeGgeneratedGduringGforcedGexhal
ation?GcorrectGanswersGA:G+70GcmH2OG(51.47GmmHg)
, Q:GOfGwhatGtwoGsubstancesGisGhemeGcomposed?GcorrectGanswersGA:GPorphyrinGandGironGatoms
Q:GWhatGorganGisGfirstGaffectedGbyGaltitudeGsickness?GcorrectGanswersGA:GTheGbrain
Q:GApproximatelyGhowGmuchGwaterGcanGcollectGinGtheGinterstitialGspaceGbeforeGperipheralGedemaG
isGclinicallyGevident?GcorrectGanswersGA:G5GlitersG(theGinterstitialGspaceGisG2/3GofGtheGnormalGECFG
volume.GsinceG2/3GofGtotalGbodyGH2OGisGinGICFGandG1/3GisGinGECF,G5GlitersGofGH2OGmustGbeGadde
dGtoGtheGbodyGforGedemaGtoGmanifestGinGpatientsGwithGgeneralizedGedematousGdisorders)
Q:GWhatGnerveGprovidesGtheGprimaryGmotorGinnervationGtoGtheGlarynx?GcorrectGanswersGA:GRecur
rentGlaryngealGnerveG-
GbranchGofGtheGvagusG(superiorGlaryngealGnerve,GorGexternalGbranch,GsuppliesGtheGcricothyroidGmu
scle.GInternalGbranchGsuppliesGsensoryGfibersGtoGtheGlarynx)
Q:GHowGisGtheGpredictedGmaximumGheartGrateGdetermined?GcorrectGanswersGA:G220GBPMG-Gage
Q:GWhatGisGtheGnormalGvalueGofGReynold'sGnumberGinGterminalGbronchioles?GcorrectGanswersGA:G
one
Q:GThereGisGonlyGaGsmallGventilatoryGresponseGtoGlowGarterialGbloodGPO2GuntilGitGfallsGbelowGwhat
Glevel? GcorrectGanswersGA:G50Gtorr
Q:GInGaGhealthyGadult,GbreathingGspontaneously,GwhatGproportionGofGtheGworkGofGbreathingGcanGbe
GattributedGtoGtheGelasticGforcesGopposingGventilation? GcorrectGanswersGA:GaboutG2/3
Q:GWhatGisGtheGestimateGofGtheGtotalGnumberGofGalveolarGmacrophagesGinGtheGlungs?GcorrectGansw
ersGA:G600GmillionG(increasesGinGcigaretteGsmokersGasGmuchGasGfourGtimes;GoriginateGfromGcircula
tingGmonocytesGplusGsomeGthatGoriginateGfromGresidentGcellGdivision)
Q:GHowGlongGdoesGitGusuallyGtakeGaGreticulocyteGtoGmatureGintoGanGerythrocyte?GcorrectGanswersG
A:G1-2Gdays
Q:GNameGtheGtwoGmusclesGthatGformGtheGdiaphragm.GcorrectGanswersGA:GCostal,GcruralG(joinedGb
yGaGcentralGtendon.GCostalGportionGoriginatedGfromGtheGinnerGsurfacesGofGribsG7-
12GandGtheGsternum.GTheGcruralGportionGoriginatedGfromGtheGfirstGthreeGlumbarGvertebralGbodies)
Q:GNameGtheGtwoGbranchesGofGtheGleftGcoronaryGartery.GcorrectGanswersGA:GAnteriorGinterventricu
lar,Gcircumflex
Q:GCarbonicGanhydraseGisGlocatedGinGtheGRBCGandGasGaGresultGofGitsGpresence,GlargeGquantitiesGofG
HCO3GareGproducedGthere,GmostGofGwhichGdiffusesGintoGtheGplasma.GWhatGcolorfulGtermGdescribe
sGtheGmovementGofGtheGCl-
GintoGtheGRBCGtoGmaintainGelectrostaticGequilibrium? GcorrectGanswersGA:GHamburgerGphenomeno
n
