Stage 4 of CKD
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Severe loss of kidney function
GFR = 29 to 15
,What is the direct and systemic effect of decreased GFR (unregulated release of
renin) on the kidney's ability to synthesize renin for RAAS control of BP?
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Direct: more retention of water (hypervolemia)
Systemic: hypervolemia and hypertension
Polyuria
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refers to an increased volume of urine voided as a result of drinking a lot or
taking a diuretic. Urinary disorders relating to ADH, such as diabetes
insipidus, produce too much urine resulting in dehydration. Diabetes
mellitus results produces significant urine as a result of osmotic diuresis
Stage 2 of CKD
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Kidney damage with mild loss of kidney function
GFR = 89 to 60
Stage 3b of CKD
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Moderate to severe loss of kidney function
GFR: 44 to 30
Recognize normal values for uranalyssi.
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With urinalysis, two key points occur: the gross exam and the microscopic
exam.
With the gross exam, the provider uses the naked eye to assess the color,
clarity (cloudy vs. clear), odor and sediment of urine. Urine is the outcome
of kidney function and is mostly clear with a slight amber color. It is 95%
water and 5% dissolved solids or wastes. The concentration of urine is
related to fluid status. In simpler terms, the specific gravity or density is
related to how well perfused a patient is. Urine the color of apple juice
represents a well-hydrated individual. Orange urine indicates that an
individual needs to drink more. White urine indicates that a patient has
either taken a diuretic or that the person has drank a lot of fluid.
As part of the microscopic or chemical exam, the pH of urine should fall
between 4.5-8. The specific gravity or density of urine should fall between
1.030-1.040 depending on the hydration status of the patient. Lesser values
indicate that the urine is too dilute. Greater values indicate that the urine is
too concentrated. The urine should be negative for RBC, WBC. epithelial
cells, casts, crystals, bacteria, ketones, nitrates and glucose. RBCs are too
large to pass through the glomerulus. Thus, their presence in urine indicates
an issue. Casts refer to coagulated proteins that are formed when cells are
packed together in the tubule lumen occluding the tubule until they come
out in the urine. Bacteria should not be present within the urine as it should
be sterile. Proteinuria should not occur as large particles should not be
filtered out. Proteinuria is often the first sign of kidney damage and
suggests a glomerular filtrate problem.
Give this one a try later!
Severe loss of kidney function
GFR = 29 to 15
,What is the direct and systemic effect of decreased GFR (unregulated release of
renin) on the kidney's ability to synthesize renin for RAAS control of BP?
Give this one a try later!
Direct: more retention of water (hypervolemia)
Systemic: hypervolemia and hypertension
Polyuria
Give this one a try later!
refers to an increased volume of urine voided as a result of drinking a lot or
taking a diuretic. Urinary disorders relating to ADH, such as diabetes
insipidus, produce too much urine resulting in dehydration. Diabetes
mellitus results produces significant urine as a result of osmotic diuresis
Stage 2 of CKD
Give this one a try later!
Kidney damage with mild loss of kidney function
GFR = 89 to 60
Stage 3b of CKD
, Give this one a try later!
Moderate to severe loss of kidney function
GFR: 44 to 30
Recognize normal values for uranalyssi.
Give this one a try later!
With urinalysis, two key points occur: the gross exam and the microscopic
exam.
With the gross exam, the provider uses the naked eye to assess the color,
clarity (cloudy vs. clear), odor and sediment of urine. Urine is the outcome
of kidney function and is mostly clear with a slight amber color. It is 95%
water and 5% dissolved solids or wastes. The concentration of urine is
related to fluid status. In simpler terms, the specific gravity or density is
related to how well perfused a patient is. Urine the color of apple juice
represents a well-hydrated individual. Orange urine indicates that an
individual needs to drink more. White urine indicates that a patient has
either taken a diuretic or that the person has drank a lot of fluid.
As part of the microscopic or chemical exam, the pH of urine should fall
between 4.5-8. The specific gravity or density of urine should fall between
1.030-1.040 depending on the hydration status of the patient. Lesser values
indicate that the urine is too dilute. Greater values indicate that the urine is
too concentrated. The urine should be negative for RBC, WBC. epithelial
cells, casts, crystals, bacteria, ketones, nitrates and glucose. RBCs are too
large to pass through the glomerulus. Thus, their presence in urine indicates
an issue. Casts refer to coagulated proteins that are formed when cells are
packed together in the tubule lumen occluding the tubule until they come
out in the urine. Bacteria should not be present within the urine as it should
be sterile. Proteinuria should not occur as large particles should not be
filtered out. Proteinuria is often the first sign of kidney damage and
suggests a glomerular filtrate problem.
