WGU C458 Health, Fitness and Wellness / Study
Guide Actual Questions and Answers (A+ Guide
Solution) Newest 2025/2026
Terms in this set (319)
Nutrition provides the body with the nutrients it needs to perform its
daily tasks
Undernutrition implies that the individual is not getting enough
nutrients. This can occur even if the person is
consuming more than enough calories
Malnutrition an imbalance of proper nutrients
Anorexia nervosa literally means loss of appetite, but this is a misnomer: A
person with this is hungry, but denies the hunger because
of an irrational fear of becoming fat. Selfstarvation, food
preoccupation and rituals, compulsive exercising, and often
an absence of menstrual cycles in women.
Untreated, can be fatal.
Bulimia characterized by recurring periods of binge eating, during
which large amounts of food are consumed in a short period
of time followed by purging (through self-induced vomiting,
abuse of laxatives and/or
diuretics) or periods of fasting
episodes of binge eating characterized by eating rapidly, eating
Binge eating disorder
large amounts of food even when not feeling hungry, and
(BED)
feeling guilty or depressed after overeating.
,Obesity 15 to 20 percent above normal weight. Poor dietary
patterns; include increased intake of sugars in sweetened
soft drinks, foods, and meals of high energy, low nutrient
density, and large portion sizes. At risk for serious health
problems such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, heart
disease, stroke, and some types of cancer.
Minerals inorganic material. Form body parts (teeth and bones),
maintain acid-base neutrality, regulate nerve impulses,
osmotic pressure, and electrolyte balance
Major minerals needed by the body:
• calcium—milk, cheese, sardines, salmon, green vegetables
• phosphorus—milk, cheese, lean meat
• potassium—oranges, bananas, dried fruits
• sulfur—eggs, poultry, fish
• sodium—table salt, beef, eggs, cheese
• chloride—table salt, meat
• magnesium—green vegetables, whole grains
Trace minerals required in lesser amounts, and include iron, zinc, selenium,
magnesium, copper, iodine, fluorine, chromium, molybdenum,
and manganese
HDL cholesterol (high protect the body against heart disease. Often called "good"
density lipoproteins) cholesterol.
LDL cholesterol (low most cholesterol in the blood is of this type. Often referred
density lipoproteins) to as the bad cholesterol. high levels in the blood increases
the risk of fatty deposits forming in the arteries, which in
turn increases the risk of a heart attack
Lipoproteins large molecules of fat and protein in the bloodstream; how
cholesterol is transported
slow the aging process. Reduce cellular damage by binding
Antioxidants
with free radicals produced during oxidation reactions
, the energy-yielding reactions in which either an oxygen atom
adds an electron to or a hydrogen atom removes an electron
from a substrate (a group of atoms or molecule)—the net
Oxidation reactions result is a substrate that has had a partial or complete loss of
a negatively charge particle, an electron. Two partially
charged atoms or groups of atoms, one positively charged
and the other negatively charged, now exist
Free radical (Oxidant) any atom or group of atoms that has an unpaired electron.
Because electrons typically function in pairs, these are very
prone to binding to other substrates in an effort to regain
this paired status. When this happens in the human body,
there is potential for a great deal of damage.
Carbohydrates produce 4 calories of energy per gram. Found in foods as
monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
Sources include fruits, vegetables, pasta, and rice which
consist of simple sugars and starches
Protein produce 4 calories of energy per gram. Sources include meats
and milk. Composed of 8 essential(provided by the diet) and
12 nonessential(synthesized by the body) amino acids.
Perform many functions including building cells and tissues,
forming blood and enzymes, and fighting infection.
means primary, and no organism can live, and almost no
biological process can take place, without it
, produce 9 calories of energy per gram. Organic
compounds that do not readily dissolve in water;
Lipids based on their solubility, they are classified into
triglycerides (more commonly known as fats),
phospholipids, and sterols
Incomplete protein proteins that are lacking one or more of the essential amino
acids
Glycogen the polysaccharide form in which glucose is stored in the
liver
Glucose simple sugar. The only source of energy that brain cells use
to function
Triglycerides (Fats) Solid at room temperature. Group of chemical compounds
that contain fatty acids, often in very long strands. Most
concentrated source of energy in the diet. Provides much of
the stored energy of the body. Insulate body organs against
changes in environmental temperature. Protect the organs
and underlying tissues by acting as a shock absorber.
Water essential component of body structure. Second only to
oxygen in importance to body functioning. Acts as a solvent
for minerals and other physiologically important
compounds. In the body, it transports nutrients to and
waste products from the cells and helps regulate body
temperature. Comes from fluids and solids in the diet and
also is produced by the metabolic processing of energy
nutrients within the tissues
Oils liquid at room temperature.
Guide Actual Questions and Answers (A+ Guide
Solution) Newest 2025/2026
Terms in this set (319)
Nutrition provides the body with the nutrients it needs to perform its
daily tasks
Undernutrition implies that the individual is not getting enough
nutrients. This can occur even if the person is
consuming more than enough calories
Malnutrition an imbalance of proper nutrients
Anorexia nervosa literally means loss of appetite, but this is a misnomer: A
person with this is hungry, but denies the hunger because
of an irrational fear of becoming fat. Selfstarvation, food
preoccupation and rituals, compulsive exercising, and often
an absence of menstrual cycles in women.
Untreated, can be fatal.
Bulimia characterized by recurring periods of binge eating, during
which large amounts of food are consumed in a short period
of time followed by purging (through self-induced vomiting,
abuse of laxatives and/or
diuretics) or periods of fasting
episodes of binge eating characterized by eating rapidly, eating
Binge eating disorder
large amounts of food even when not feeling hungry, and
(BED)
feeling guilty or depressed after overeating.
,Obesity 15 to 20 percent above normal weight. Poor dietary
patterns; include increased intake of sugars in sweetened
soft drinks, foods, and meals of high energy, low nutrient
density, and large portion sizes. At risk for serious health
problems such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, heart
disease, stroke, and some types of cancer.
Minerals inorganic material. Form body parts (teeth and bones),
maintain acid-base neutrality, regulate nerve impulses,
osmotic pressure, and electrolyte balance
Major minerals needed by the body:
• calcium—milk, cheese, sardines, salmon, green vegetables
• phosphorus—milk, cheese, lean meat
• potassium—oranges, bananas, dried fruits
• sulfur—eggs, poultry, fish
• sodium—table salt, beef, eggs, cheese
• chloride—table salt, meat
• magnesium—green vegetables, whole grains
Trace minerals required in lesser amounts, and include iron, zinc, selenium,
magnesium, copper, iodine, fluorine, chromium, molybdenum,
and manganese
HDL cholesterol (high protect the body against heart disease. Often called "good"
density lipoproteins) cholesterol.
LDL cholesterol (low most cholesterol in the blood is of this type. Often referred
density lipoproteins) to as the bad cholesterol. high levels in the blood increases
the risk of fatty deposits forming in the arteries, which in
turn increases the risk of a heart attack
Lipoproteins large molecules of fat and protein in the bloodstream; how
cholesterol is transported
slow the aging process. Reduce cellular damage by binding
Antioxidants
with free radicals produced during oxidation reactions
, the energy-yielding reactions in which either an oxygen atom
adds an electron to or a hydrogen atom removes an electron
from a substrate (a group of atoms or molecule)—the net
Oxidation reactions result is a substrate that has had a partial or complete loss of
a negatively charge particle, an electron. Two partially
charged atoms or groups of atoms, one positively charged
and the other negatively charged, now exist
Free radical (Oxidant) any atom or group of atoms that has an unpaired electron.
Because electrons typically function in pairs, these are very
prone to binding to other substrates in an effort to regain
this paired status. When this happens in the human body,
there is potential for a great deal of damage.
Carbohydrates produce 4 calories of energy per gram. Found in foods as
monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
Sources include fruits, vegetables, pasta, and rice which
consist of simple sugars and starches
Protein produce 4 calories of energy per gram. Sources include meats
and milk. Composed of 8 essential(provided by the diet) and
12 nonessential(synthesized by the body) amino acids.
Perform many functions including building cells and tissues,
forming blood and enzymes, and fighting infection.
means primary, and no organism can live, and almost no
biological process can take place, without it
, produce 9 calories of energy per gram. Organic
compounds that do not readily dissolve in water;
Lipids based on their solubility, they are classified into
triglycerides (more commonly known as fats),
phospholipids, and sterols
Incomplete protein proteins that are lacking one or more of the essential amino
acids
Glycogen the polysaccharide form in which glucose is stored in the
liver
Glucose simple sugar. The only source of energy that brain cells use
to function
Triglycerides (Fats) Solid at room temperature. Group of chemical compounds
that contain fatty acids, often in very long strands. Most
concentrated source of energy in the diet. Provides much of
the stored energy of the body. Insulate body organs against
changes in environmental temperature. Protect the organs
and underlying tissues by acting as a shock absorber.
Water essential component of body structure. Second only to
oxygen in importance to body functioning. Acts as a solvent
for minerals and other physiologically important
compounds. In the body, it transports nutrients to and
waste products from the cells and helps regulate body
temperature. Comes from fluids and solids in the diet and
also is produced by the metabolic processing of energy
nutrients within the tissues
Oils liquid at room temperature.
