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HPNU 3060 Exam 1 with verified solutions

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HPNU 3060 Exam 1 with verified solutions

Institution
HPNU 3060
Course
HPNU 3060









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Institution
HPNU 3060
Course
HPNU 3060

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Uploaded on
April 25, 2025
Number of pages
8
Written in
2024/2025
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Exam (elaborations)
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HPNU 3060 Exam 1 with
verified solutions
Electrical signals - correct answer ✔Changes in the membrane potential of a cell
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chemical signals - correct answer ✔molecules secreted by cells into the extracellular fluid
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gap junctions - correct answer ✔provide direct cytoplasmic channels between adjacent
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animal cells ||||||




contact dependant signals - correct answer ✔surface cells of one membrane bind to the
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surface of a second membrane (uses both chemical and electrical signaling)
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long distance communication - correct answer ✔uses a combination of chemical and
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electrical signals carried by nerve cells and chemical signals transported in the blood
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paracrine signaling - correct answer ✔chemical that acts on cells in the immediate vicinity
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of the cell that secreted the signal (acting on neighboring cell)
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autocrine signaling - correct answer ✔chemical signal that acts on the cell that secreted the
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signal (acting on self) |||||| |||||| ||||||




hormones - correct answer ✔chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine
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glands, travel through the bloodstream, and affect other tissues
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receptor proteins - correct answer ✔Cell can respond to a particular chemical signal only if
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the cell has the appropriate receptor protein it can bind to
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, signal pathway - correct answer ✔First messenger --> Activates the receptor --> Second
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messenger --> Creates a response by modifying existing proteins or initiating the synthesis |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




of new proteins
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lipophilic signal molecules - correct answer ✔diffuse through the cell membrane and bind to
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cytosolic or nuclear receptors (like fats) creates new proteins or cell structure changes
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(slow response) (lots to do with hormones)
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lipophobic signal molecules - correct answer ✔are unable to enter cells by simple diffusion |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




through the cell membrane and have to bind to receptor proteins. They require a signal on
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the outside to open channels. (fast and short response)
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receptor channel - correct answer ✔ligand binding opens or closes the channel (simplest to
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excite the cell) |||||| ||||||




G-protein coupled receptors - correct answer ✔Ligand binding to a G protein-coupled
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receptor opens an ion channel or alters the enzymes activity. |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




cell to cell communication - correct answer ✔Cells communicate by direct contact with each
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other. The receptors and ligand touch for this to happen/
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transduction pathway - correct answer ✔series of relay proteins that activate signals |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




throughout a cell and triggers a response |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Signal cascade - correct answer ✔An entire series of reactions which occurs as a result of a
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single trigger reaction or compound.
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signal amplification - correct answer ✔turns one signal molecule into multiple second
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messenger molecules ||||||

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