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HPNU 3060 exam 2 with precise detailed solutions

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HPNU 3060 exam 2 with precise detailed solutions

Institution
HPNU 3060
Course
HPNU 3060









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Institution
HPNU 3060
Course
HPNU 3060

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Uploaded on
April 25, 2025
Number of pages
14
Written in
2024/2025
Type
Exam (elaborations)
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HPNU 3060 exam 2 with precise
detailed solutions

special senses - correct answer ✔vision, hearing, taste, smell, equilibrium
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




somatic senses - correct answer ✔touch, temperature, pain, itch, proprioception
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(proprioceptors)


what stimuli in the body are being detected but not perceived? - correct answer ✔muscle
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




length and tension, proprioception, blood pressure, distension of gastrointestinal tract,
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blood glucose concentration, internal body temperature, osmolarity of body fluids, lung
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inflation, pH of cerebrospinal fluid, pH and oxygen content of blood |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




4 major types receptors in the body - correct answer ✔chemoreceptors, mechanoreceptors,
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




thermoreceptors, photoreceptors ||||||




how do receptive fields work? - correct answer ✔they overlap to get information coming in
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




so not missing anything, primary neurons attach to secondary sensory neurons, two point
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discrimination: size + convergence |||||| |||||| ||||||




4 properties that contribute to stimulus coding and processing - correct answer ✔sensory
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




modality, location of the stimulus, intensity of the stimulus, duration of the stimulus |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




how are we able to determine where a sound is coming from? - correct answer ✔source of
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




sound hits left and right ear at different times, use time difference to determine
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




how does lateral inhibition work? - correct answer ✔longer + stronger stimuli releases more
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




neurotransmitters
||||||

, difference between tonic and phasic receptors - correct answer ✔both: exact same stimuli |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




tonic: as long as there's a stimuli there will still be action potentials
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




phasic: like kids; if not new and shiny it doesn't care |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




how does a strong/intense stimulus get transmitted to the brain? - correct answer
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




✔primary → secondary (crosses over) → thalamus → somatic sensory cortex |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




classification, characteristics and purpose of nerve fibers - correct answer ✔Aβ (beta): large |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




+ myelinated, 30-70 m/sec speed of conduction, associated with mechanical stimuli
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Aδ (delta): small + myelinated, 12-30 m/sec speed of conduction, associated with cold fast
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pain + mechanical stimuli |||||| |||||| ||||||




C: small + unmyelinated, 0.5-2 m/sec speed of conduction, associated with slow pain heat
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cold + mechanical stimuli |||||| |||||| ||||||




how/why do we have referred pain? - correct answer ✔body confused where pain is |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




coming from, typically internal organs don't feel pain, that's why heart attacks feel pain in
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




arm + kidney stone pain in back rather than kidney, liver and gallbladder, ureters and
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




testicles, heart and arm |||||| |||||| ||||||




pain gate theory - correct answer ✔non painful stimuli can diminish the pain signal, rubbing
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




arm, integrated response from Aβ and C fibers decreases perception of pain
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




how do we sense touch? - correct answer ✔touch receptors pick up different types of touch
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




how do we sense temperature? - correct answer ✔temperature receptors, difference
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




between our body temperature and whatever we're touching, cold receptors: lower than |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




body temp, warm receptors: above body temp, pain receptors activated above 45C or
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




below 20C ||||||

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