NSG 223 Exam #2 Questions With Complete
Solutions
Metabolic Acidosis: ABG interpretation
- low bicarbonate level less than 22 mEq/L
and a low pH less than 7.35. The cardinal
feature is a decrease in the serum bicarbonate
level.
Metabolic Alkalosis: ABG interpretation
- pH greater than 7.45 and a serum
bicarbonate concentration greater than 26
Respiratory Acidosis: ABG interpretation
- pH is less than 7.35 and PaCO2 is greater
than 45 and a compensatory increases HCO3
Respiratory Alkalosis:
- pH is greater than 7.45 and the PaCO2 is
less than 35
Treatments for Metabolic Acidosis Medical
Management:
- Give Bicarb
- Chronic metabolic acidosis treat calcium levels
first
- Avoid tetany
,- Watch for hypernatremia, hyperkalemia, and
hypocalcemia
Treatments for Metabolic Alkalosis Medical
Management:
- Restore fluid volume
- Give electrolytes as needed (Sodium chloride and
Potassium chloride)
- Give Tagamet
- Hypokalemia- Urine Chloride, ID the cause
Treatments for each ABG Imbalance: Acute
Respiratory Acidosis
- Underlying cause
- Bronchodilators
- BiPAP
Treatments for each ABG Imbalance: Chronic
Respiratory Acidosis
- Antibiotics
- Diuretics
- Bronchodilators
- Corticosteroids
- Mechanical ventilation
Treatments for each ABG Imbalance: Respiratory
Alkalosis
, - Breathe into a bag- raise CO2
- Reassure patient
- Pursed lip breathing
Acute and Chronic causes of the 4
imbalances: Metabolic Acidosis
- Build up of acid in the body due to kidney
failure or disease
- Kidneys are unable to remove enough acid from
your blood
- Hypocalcemia
Acute and Chronic causes of the 4
imbalances: Metabolic Alkalosis
- High pH, high plasma bicarbonate
concertation
- Gastric suctioning, vomiting, diuretic use from
potassium loss, Cushing’s syndrome, long term
diuretic and antacid use.
Acute and Chronic causes of the 4
imbalances: Respiratory Acidosis
- Hypoventilation- inadequate excretion of
CO2, High CO2 levels
- Acute pulmonary edema, Severe pneumonia, and
acute respiratory distress syndrome
Solutions
Metabolic Acidosis: ABG interpretation
- low bicarbonate level less than 22 mEq/L
and a low pH less than 7.35. The cardinal
feature is a decrease in the serum bicarbonate
level.
Metabolic Alkalosis: ABG interpretation
- pH greater than 7.45 and a serum
bicarbonate concentration greater than 26
Respiratory Acidosis: ABG interpretation
- pH is less than 7.35 and PaCO2 is greater
than 45 and a compensatory increases HCO3
Respiratory Alkalosis:
- pH is greater than 7.45 and the PaCO2 is
less than 35
Treatments for Metabolic Acidosis Medical
Management:
- Give Bicarb
- Chronic metabolic acidosis treat calcium levels
first
- Avoid tetany
,- Watch for hypernatremia, hyperkalemia, and
hypocalcemia
Treatments for Metabolic Alkalosis Medical
Management:
- Restore fluid volume
- Give electrolytes as needed (Sodium chloride and
Potassium chloride)
- Give Tagamet
- Hypokalemia- Urine Chloride, ID the cause
Treatments for each ABG Imbalance: Acute
Respiratory Acidosis
- Underlying cause
- Bronchodilators
- BiPAP
Treatments for each ABG Imbalance: Chronic
Respiratory Acidosis
- Antibiotics
- Diuretics
- Bronchodilators
- Corticosteroids
- Mechanical ventilation
Treatments for each ABG Imbalance: Respiratory
Alkalosis
, - Breathe into a bag- raise CO2
- Reassure patient
- Pursed lip breathing
Acute and Chronic causes of the 4
imbalances: Metabolic Acidosis
- Build up of acid in the body due to kidney
failure or disease
- Kidneys are unable to remove enough acid from
your blood
- Hypocalcemia
Acute and Chronic causes of the 4
imbalances: Metabolic Alkalosis
- High pH, high plasma bicarbonate
concertation
- Gastric suctioning, vomiting, diuretic use from
potassium loss, Cushing’s syndrome, long term
diuretic and antacid use.
Acute and Chronic causes of the 4
imbalances: Respiratory Acidosis
- Hypoventilation- inadequate excretion of
CO2, High CO2 levels
- Acute pulmonary edema, Severe pneumonia, and
acute respiratory distress syndrome
