Pathophysiology Case Studies Exam 2 Questions and Answers

Pathophysiology Case Studies Exam 2
Questions and Answers 2025-2026
WhatAareAtheAsignsAandAsymptomsAofApericarditis?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
SharpAstabbingApain,AworsensAwithAcoughingAorAswallowing,AdifficultyAbreathingAwhenA
lying down
WhatAareAcausesAofApericarditis?AWhatAdoesAisAoftenApairAwith?A-
ACORRECTAANSWERSA-CertainAautoimmuneAviruses,AviralAinfections,Aetc.A




RA
WhatAareAtwoAcausesAofA"muffled"AheartAsounds?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
RAAandARheumatoidAHeartADisease

TheAlungsAareAcongestedAandAtheApericardiumAisAinflamed,AmakingAtheAheartAbeatAsoundA
"muffled"
WhatAareAtheAtestsAthatAareAdoneAforApericarditis?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-ChestAX-
rayA(enlargedAheartAandAcongestedAlungs),AEKG,AEchocardiogram,AMRIAorACTA(couldAsho
wAthickenedApericardium),ACardiacAcatheterization,AbloodAtestsA(toAdismissAheartAattack)
WhatAareAtreatmentsAforApericarditis?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
NSAIDs,AantiAfungalAdrugs,AantibacterialAdrugs
WhatAisAanAexcessAofARBCAinAtheAbloodstream?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-Polycythemia
WhyAisAanemiaAsoAdangerous?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
RBCsAcarryAoxygen,AdecreasedARBCAmeansAdecreasedAO2AlevelsAinAtheAblood
WhatAareAtheARBCAsizes/volumes?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-Normocytic-
AnormalAinAsizeA&AhemoglobinAlevels

Microcytic-ASmallerAinAsizeA&AhemoglobinAlevels
Macrocytic-AlargerAinAsizeA&AhemoglobinAlevels
WhatAareAtheAdifferentARBCAhemoglobin/colors?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
Normochromic-AnormalAcolor/hemoglobinAlevels
Hypochromic-Apale/lowAhemoglobinAlevels
CindyAisAaA22Ay/oACaucasianAfemaleAwhoApresentedAtoAtheAERAdueAtoAnauseaAandAvomitin
gAforAtheApastA5Adays.AHerAhistoryAincludedAprogressiveAfatigueAforAtheApastA7Amonths,Ade
creasedAappetiteAandAaAlossAofA8ApoundsAoverAtheApastAmonth.ASheAalsoAcomplainedAofAp
oorAconcentration.APhysicalAexamAshowedAdryAskinAandA"darkening"AofAtheAskinAinAseveral
AplacesAandAaABPAofA94/50.AExplainAtheAmostAlikelyApathology.AIncludeAtheAhormone(s)Ainv

olvedAandAifAtheyAareAincreasedAorAdecreased.A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
PrimaryAhypoadrenalism-AdarkeningAofAtheAskin
AA56Ay/oAHispanicAmaleAwasArushedAbyAambulanceAtoAtheAERAwithAbleedingAfromAtheAmou
th.APhysicalAexamAexcludedAanyAphysicalAdamageAfromAtheAmouthAbutAtheApatientAcompla
inedAofAfatigueAandAnauseaAandAvomitingAforAtheApastA3Adays.AHeAhasAgeneralizedAedema
AandAjaundice.ABleedingAfromAtheAesophagusAwasAstoppedAbeforeAlabAtestsAshowedAincre

asedAALT,AASTAandAbilirubin.ATheApatientAdeniedAanyAalcoholAuse.AWhatAotherAcausesAmi
ghtAyouAwantAtoAlookAfor?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-

, NASH,Acirrhosis,ApossibleApancreatitisA(bileAobstruction),ANSAIDAuseA(chronic),Agallstone
s,AHepABA&AC,AETOH
TheApatientAisAsufferingAfromAdyspnea,AhasAedema,AandAheAhasAimpairedAdiastolicAfilling.A
WhatAisAtheApatientAsufferingAfrom?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
HypertrophicAcardiomyopathy
PatientApresentsAwithAfatigue,AisArapidlyAgainingAweight,AtheAthyroidAisAenlarged,AsheAhasAl
owAT3/4,AandATSH.AWhatAisAherAcondition?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
SecondaryAorAtertiaryAhypothyroidism
TheApatientAisAsufferingAfromAconfusionAandAmemoryAloss.AHerAheartAisAenlargedA(huge).A
WhatAisAsheAsufferingAfromAandAwhatAisAherAvitaminAdeficiency?A-
ACORRECTAANSWERSA-DilatedAcardiomyopathyA&AB12Adeficiency

TheApatientAhasACOPD,AhasAtroubleAexercisingA(cyanotic).ATheArightAsideAofAhisAheartAisAla
rge.AWhatAdoesAheAhave?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-CorApulmonale
TheApatientApresentsAwithAsharpAchestApainAwhenAworkingAout,AincreasedAhisAproteinAinta
keAwithAsteakA&AeggsAforAbreakfast,AheartAauscultationArevealsAaAnormalAheartAbeat,AandAp
ainAonAchestApalpationAnearAsternum.AWhatAisAhisAcondition?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
Costochondritis
AApatientAhasApelvicApainAduringAeachAmenstrualAcycle.AAAlaparoscopyAshowedAendometri
alAimplants.AWhatAisAsheAmostAlikelyAsufferingAfrom?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
Endometriosis
ABG'sAshowAaApHAofA6.9AwithAblueAlipsA(cyanotic).ATheAbloodApCO2AisA58AandAHCO3AisA35
.AWhatAisAherAacid-baseAcondition?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
CompensatedArespiratoryAacidosis
TheApatientApresentsAwithAfatigueAandAhasArecentlyAbeenAdiagnosedAwithADIAandAhasAbee
nAusingAmedication.ASheApresentsAwithAbilateralAfingerAtinglingAandAherARBCsAlookAabnor
mallyAbigAandAnormochromic.AWhatAvitaminAisAsheAdeficientAof?A-
ACORRECTAANSWERSA-B12AdeficiencyA(perniciousAanemia)

31Ay/oApresentsAwithAorthostaticAhypotension,AherAheartArateAisAelevated,AsheAhasAaAheavy
AmenstrualAcycleAeveryAmonth,AandAherAfingernailsAareA"bent."ADescribeAherAMCV,ARBCs,A

andAMCH.A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-LowAMCV,ALowAMCH--smallAandApaleARBC
TheApatientAhasAatherosclerosis,AsheAhasAaAconnectiveAtissueAdiseaseA(marfan's),AandAsh
eAsmokesA3ApacksAaAdayAforAtheApastA10Ayears.ABrainAimageAappearsAtoAhaveAaAbleedAinAit
.AWhatAwasAherABPAyesterday?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-BPAwasAhighA(BerryAaneurysm)
TheApatientAhasAaAbleedingAproblemAandAhasAusedAupAallAofAherAclottingAfactors.AWhatAspe
cificAfactor(s)AcouldAthatAbe?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-FactorA8AorAFactorA9
PatientApresentsAwithAsharpAchestApainAwhenAworkingAout,AhasAlowABP,AhypoventilatingAa
ndAlowABodyAtemp.AHeAhasAnoAthyroidAanymore.AWhatAisAheAsufferingAfrom?A-
ACORRECTAANSWERSA-PrimaryAhypothyroidism

TheApatientAisApregnant,AveryApale,AbloodAworkAshowsAincreasedAMCVAandAMCH,AsheAha
sAnoAneurologicalAproblems.AHerAchildAcouldAdevelopAspinaAbifidaAbecauseAofAaAlackAof...A-
ACORRECTAANSWERSA-Folate

66Ay/oApresentsAwithAfatigue,AhasArecentlyAbeenAexposedAtoATB,AlabsAshowAhyponatremia,
Ahyperkalemia,AandAhypoglycemiaAandAhasAveryApigmentedApatchesAofAskin.AWhatAdoesAt

hisApatientAhave?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-Addison'sAdisease
TheApatientAbleedsAeasilyAwhenAheAgetsApunchedAinAtheAface.AHeAisAdeficientAofAFactorA8,A
geneticAtestingAshowsAanAx-