Pathophysiology Case Studies for Exam 3
Questions and Answers 2025
BacterialAmeningitisA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
6AyrAoldANoahApresentsAwithAaApersistingAheadache,AfeverAandAvoluntaryAneckAstiffness.A
YouAperformAKernig'sAtestAandAitAisApositive.AAAspinalAtapAisAperformedAandAitAhasAaA
decreaseAinAtheAglucoseAlevels.AWhatAisAtheAbestAdiagnosis?
ViralAmeningitis
BacterialAmeningitis
PituitaryAadenoma
SubduralAhematoma
MilkyAdischargeAfromAherAnipplesA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-AA60-year-
oldAwomanApresentsAwithAaArecentAonsetAofAaAheadacheAassociatedAwithAvisionAchanges.A
HerAbloodApressureAisA128/82AandAherArespiratoryArateAisA14.AAnAMRIAwasAperformedAandA
theAdoctorAsuggestedAaAhypophysectomy.AWhatAotherAsymptomAmayAhaveAbeenApresentAi
nAthisApatientAdueAtoAherAcondition?
MilkyAdischargeAfromAherAnipples
Bradycardia
BarrelAChested
Temporalarteritis
PositiveAKernig'sAsignA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
JoshuaAwasAtakenAtoAtheAemergencyAroomAforAtheAsymptomsAbelow.AHeAstatesAthatAheAju
stAgotAbackAfromAaAtripAtoATaiwanAandAhasAexperiencedAsymptomsAeverAsince.AAssumingAt
hatAJoshuaAisAanAadultAmale,AwhatAotherAsignAwillAlikelyAbeAdiscoveredAonAhisAphysicalAexa
mination?
FeverAofA1040F,ApositiveABrudzinskiAsignAwithAnuchalArigidity.AAAspinalAtapAofAhisACSFAsho
wedAcloudyAwithA17,000/mm3ALeukocytesAwithA75%ANeutrophils.AGlucoseAlevelsAwereAde
creased.A
BacterialAmeningitis
PositiveAKernig'sAsign
PositiveAKegal's
ViralAmeningitis
GravesADiseaseA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
AApatientApresentsAtoAtheAEDAforAtheAsymptomsAlistedAbelow.AWhatAisAtheAmostAlikelyAdiag
nosisAforAthisApatient'sAdisorder?AWriteAtheAadditionalAsymptomsAyouAwouldAexpectAtoAfindA
inAthisApatientAonAtheAboard!A
, exopthalmos,AaAvisibleAmassAinAtheAanteriorAsurfaceAofAtheAneckAandApretibialAmyxedema.
AThyroidAantibodiesAareAfound.A
GravesADisease
Barrett'sAesophagus
ToxicAmulitnodularAgoiter
HashimotosAthyroiditis
ThiamineAdeficiencyA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
AA50Ay/oAmaleAwithAaAhistoryAofAchronicAalcoholismAhasAexperiencedAincreasingAconfusion
AandAdisorientation,AwithAdifficultyAambulating.AWhenAyouAaskAhimAaboutAhisAactivitiesAofAt
heAlastAfewAdays,AheAtellsAyouAofAsomeAeventsAthatAhisAwifeAtellsAyouAareAcompletelyAfalse.
AOnAphysicalAexamAheAisAfoundAtoAhaveAdoubleAvision,AnystagmusAandAataxia.AWhatAisAthe
AmostAlikelyAcauseAofAhisAsymptoms?
B12Adeficiency
InsulinAresistance
AnticholinergicAmedication
ThiamineAdeficiency
TinglingAinAtheAfingers.A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
AA33AyearAoldAJewishAmale,AEpstein,AcameAintoAtheAERAcomplainingAaboutAabdominalApai
n,AfeverAandAfatigue.AAssumingAthatAthisAconditionAwasAfoundAinAtheAsmallAintestine,AwhatA
wouldAbeAtheAmostAlikelyAphysicalAsymptomAfromAtheAlistAbelow?
AAcolonoscopyAfoundAtransmuralAinflammationAandAulcerationsAthatAareAsharplyAdemarcat
edAbyAsectionsAofAhealthyAbowel.
TinglingAinAtheAfingers.
BrightAredAbloodAinAtheAstool.
Crohn'sADisease
UlcerativeAColitis
TurnerASyndromeA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
.AEmilyAisAaA16AyearAoldAfemaleAthatAisAinterestedAinAcheerleading.ANowAthatAsheAisAinAhighA
school,AsheAexpressesAconcernAthatAallAtheAotherAgirlsAhaveAhitApuberty,AwhileAsheAhasAnot
.ATheAdoctorAdecidesAtoArunAaAgeneticAtestAandAtheAkaryotypeAisAbelow.AWhatAisAtheAbestAd
iagnosis?
PhysicalAexam:AdelayedApuberty,AshortAstature
A
TurnerASyndrome
MosaicADownASyndrome
TrisomyA21
Klinefelter'sADisease
PartialAseizuresA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
JoeAisAaA7AyrAoldAmaleAwhoAisAactiveAandAdoesAwellAinAschool,AalthoughAheAisAnotAasAintere
stedAinAtheAclassroomAasAheAisAinArecess.ATheApatientAisAbroughtAinAdueAtoAincreasedAconc
Questions and Answers 2025
BacterialAmeningitisA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
6AyrAoldANoahApresentsAwithAaApersistingAheadache,AfeverAandAvoluntaryAneckAstiffness.A
YouAperformAKernig'sAtestAandAitAisApositive.AAAspinalAtapAisAperformedAandAitAhasAaA
decreaseAinAtheAglucoseAlevels.AWhatAisAtheAbestAdiagnosis?
ViralAmeningitis
BacterialAmeningitis
PituitaryAadenoma
SubduralAhematoma
MilkyAdischargeAfromAherAnipplesA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-AA60-year-
oldAwomanApresentsAwithAaArecentAonsetAofAaAheadacheAassociatedAwithAvisionAchanges.A
HerAbloodApressureAisA128/82AandAherArespiratoryArateAisA14.AAnAMRIAwasAperformedAandA
theAdoctorAsuggestedAaAhypophysectomy.AWhatAotherAsymptomAmayAhaveAbeenApresentAi
nAthisApatientAdueAtoAherAcondition?
MilkyAdischargeAfromAherAnipples
Bradycardia
BarrelAChested
Temporalarteritis
PositiveAKernig'sAsignA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
JoshuaAwasAtakenAtoAtheAemergencyAroomAforAtheAsymptomsAbelow.AHeAstatesAthatAheAju
stAgotAbackAfromAaAtripAtoATaiwanAandAhasAexperiencedAsymptomsAeverAsince.AAssumingAt
hatAJoshuaAisAanAadultAmale,AwhatAotherAsignAwillAlikelyAbeAdiscoveredAonAhisAphysicalAexa
mination?
FeverAofA1040F,ApositiveABrudzinskiAsignAwithAnuchalArigidity.AAAspinalAtapAofAhisACSFAsho
wedAcloudyAwithA17,000/mm3ALeukocytesAwithA75%ANeutrophils.AGlucoseAlevelsAwereAde
creased.A
BacterialAmeningitis
PositiveAKernig'sAsign
PositiveAKegal's
ViralAmeningitis
GravesADiseaseA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
AApatientApresentsAtoAtheAEDAforAtheAsymptomsAlistedAbelow.AWhatAisAtheAmostAlikelyAdiag
nosisAforAthisApatient'sAdisorder?AWriteAtheAadditionalAsymptomsAyouAwouldAexpectAtoAfindA
inAthisApatientAonAtheAboard!A
, exopthalmos,AaAvisibleAmassAinAtheAanteriorAsurfaceAofAtheAneckAandApretibialAmyxedema.
AThyroidAantibodiesAareAfound.A
GravesADisease
Barrett'sAesophagus
ToxicAmulitnodularAgoiter
HashimotosAthyroiditis
ThiamineAdeficiencyA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
AA50Ay/oAmaleAwithAaAhistoryAofAchronicAalcoholismAhasAexperiencedAincreasingAconfusion
AandAdisorientation,AwithAdifficultyAambulating.AWhenAyouAaskAhimAaboutAhisAactivitiesAofAt
heAlastAfewAdays,AheAtellsAyouAofAsomeAeventsAthatAhisAwifeAtellsAyouAareAcompletelyAfalse.
AOnAphysicalAexamAheAisAfoundAtoAhaveAdoubleAvision,AnystagmusAandAataxia.AWhatAisAthe
AmostAlikelyAcauseAofAhisAsymptoms?
B12Adeficiency
InsulinAresistance
AnticholinergicAmedication
ThiamineAdeficiency
TinglingAinAtheAfingers.A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
AA33AyearAoldAJewishAmale,AEpstein,AcameAintoAtheAERAcomplainingAaboutAabdominalApai
n,AfeverAandAfatigue.AAssumingAthatAthisAconditionAwasAfoundAinAtheAsmallAintestine,AwhatA
wouldAbeAtheAmostAlikelyAphysicalAsymptomAfromAtheAlistAbelow?
AAcolonoscopyAfoundAtransmuralAinflammationAandAulcerationsAthatAareAsharplyAdemarcat
edAbyAsectionsAofAhealthyAbowel.
TinglingAinAtheAfingers.
BrightAredAbloodAinAtheAstool.
Crohn'sADisease
UlcerativeAColitis
TurnerASyndromeA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
.AEmilyAisAaA16AyearAoldAfemaleAthatAisAinterestedAinAcheerleading.ANowAthatAsheAisAinAhighA
school,AsheAexpressesAconcernAthatAallAtheAotherAgirlsAhaveAhitApuberty,AwhileAsheAhasAnot
.ATheAdoctorAdecidesAtoArunAaAgeneticAtestAandAtheAkaryotypeAisAbelow.AWhatAisAtheAbestAd
iagnosis?
PhysicalAexam:AdelayedApuberty,AshortAstature
A
TurnerASyndrome
MosaicADownASyndrome
TrisomyA21
Klinefelter'sADisease
PartialAseizuresA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
JoeAisAaA7AyrAoldAmaleAwhoAisAactiveAandAdoesAwellAinAschool,AalthoughAheAisAnotAasAintere
stedAinAtheAclassroomAasAheAisAinArecess.ATheApatientAisAbroughtAinAdueAtoAincreasedAconc