Human Biology 101 Exam 1 Questions
and Answers
Explain Population - ANSWER-Many individuals of the same species living together
in a common geographical area
Explain Community - ANSWER-When several populations interact
Explain Ecosystem - ANSWER-Community and its physical environment
What does the Scientific Method (look for)? - ANSWER-It looks for predictability (the
sun rises in the east)
1. Observations/ask questions
2. Form a testable hypothesis that provides an explanation for observations
3. Predict and then experiment with two groups (control and experimental)
4. Conclude
5. Develop more ??'s
6. Possible theory
What is Inductive Reasoning? - ANSWER-The accumulation of facts through
observation until there are enough facts to come to a conclusion
i.e.: The sun has risen everyday of my life in the East. Therefore the sun always
rises in the east.
What is Deductive Reasoning? - ANSWER-"Educated guess"
Involves making a general statement, often in the "if-then" format, then draw more
specific conclusions from it
i.e.: All men are mortal, Dr. Hansen is a man, therefore, he is mortal
What is a Clinical Trial? - ANSWER-Several experimental groups that receive
different dosages of a drug and a control group that receives a placebo
PHASE I Is the drug safe for humans?
PHASE II Does the drug work for its intended purpose?
PHASE III How does the new drug compare with other available treatments?
What is an Element? - ANSWER-A form of matter that cannot be broken down into
simpler substances
What is Atomic Number? - ANSWER-# of proteins in the nucleus of an element
What is Atomic Mass? - ANSWER-# of protons AND neutrons in an element
How many electrons can the inner shell hold? - ANSWER-2
How many electrons can the outer shell hold? - ANSWER-8
, What are the types of Bonds? - ANSWER-Covalent (single, double, triple)
Ionic
Hydrogen
Explain Covalent Bonds - ANSWER-They SHARE electrons
Strongest bond
Molecules are held together by Covalent Bonds
Every atom gets to have its outer shell full
What is a Single Covalent Bond? - ANSWER-In each case, 1 pair of electrons is
shared
Weakest of the covalent bonds
CH4
What is a Double Covalent Bond? - ANSWER-Two pairs of electrons are shared
"fatty acids"
CO2
O2
What is a Triple Covalent Bond? - ANSWER-Three pairs of electrons are shared
Extremely stable
Difficult to break apart
N2
Explain Ionic Bonds - ANSWER-Involves the TRANSFER of electrons between
atoms
Middle Strength of the bonds
There is one too many or one too few electrons (giving/receiving)
Unequal P and E
THERE IS A NEG/POS CHARGE DUE TO THE TRANSFER THAT HOLDS THE
MOLECULES TOGETHER
Will dissolve in H2O
NaCl
Why can Water dissolve so many compounds? - ANSWER-O is electronegative and
pulls its electrons away from the H atoms and closer to itself (unequal sharing)
This creates a polar molecule
Dipole -> seperation from partially pos side and partially neg side of an molecule
Explain Hydrogen Bonds - ANSWER-Weakest bond
Special Properties:
1. High Heat Capacity
2. High Heat Vaporization
3. Modest Viscosity
4. Superior ability as a Dissolving Agent
The pH scale... - ANSWER-Acid: Release a proton, H+, in water = HCl
i.e: beer, battery acid
Base: Release a hydroxyl, OH-, in water = NaOH
i.e.: household ammonia, baking soda
and Answers
Explain Population - ANSWER-Many individuals of the same species living together
in a common geographical area
Explain Community - ANSWER-When several populations interact
Explain Ecosystem - ANSWER-Community and its physical environment
What does the Scientific Method (look for)? - ANSWER-It looks for predictability (the
sun rises in the east)
1. Observations/ask questions
2. Form a testable hypothesis that provides an explanation for observations
3. Predict and then experiment with two groups (control and experimental)
4. Conclude
5. Develop more ??'s
6. Possible theory
What is Inductive Reasoning? - ANSWER-The accumulation of facts through
observation until there are enough facts to come to a conclusion
i.e.: The sun has risen everyday of my life in the East. Therefore the sun always
rises in the east.
What is Deductive Reasoning? - ANSWER-"Educated guess"
Involves making a general statement, often in the "if-then" format, then draw more
specific conclusions from it
i.e.: All men are mortal, Dr. Hansen is a man, therefore, he is mortal
What is a Clinical Trial? - ANSWER-Several experimental groups that receive
different dosages of a drug and a control group that receives a placebo
PHASE I Is the drug safe for humans?
PHASE II Does the drug work for its intended purpose?
PHASE III How does the new drug compare with other available treatments?
What is an Element? - ANSWER-A form of matter that cannot be broken down into
simpler substances
What is Atomic Number? - ANSWER-# of proteins in the nucleus of an element
What is Atomic Mass? - ANSWER-# of protons AND neutrons in an element
How many electrons can the inner shell hold? - ANSWER-2
How many electrons can the outer shell hold? - ANSWER-8
, What are the types of Bonds? - ANSWER-Covalent (single, double, triple)
Ionic
Hydrogen
Explain Covalent Bonds - ANSWER-They SHARE electrons
Strongest bond
Molecules are held together by Covalent Bonds
Every atom gets to have its outer shell full
What is a Single Covalent Bond? - ANSWER-In each case, 1 pair of electrons is
shared
Weakest of the covalent bonds
CH4
What is a Double Covalent Bond? - ANSWER-Two pairs of electrons are shared
"fatty acids"
CO2
O2
What is a Triple Covalent Bond? - ANSWER-Three pairs of electrons are shared
Extremely stable
Difficult to break apart
N2
Explain Ionic Bonds - ANSWER-Involves the TRANSFER of electrons between
atoms
Middle Strength of the bonds
There is one too many or one too few electrons (giving/receiving)
Unequal P and E
THERE IS A NEG/POS CHARGE DUE TO THE TRANSFER THAT HOLDS THE
MOLECULES TOGETHER
Will dissolve in H2O
NaCl
Why can Water dissolve so many compounds? - ANSWER-O is electronegative and
pulls its electrons away from the H atoms and closer to itself (unequal sharing)
This creates a polar molecule
Dipole -> seperation from partially pos side and partially neg side of an molecule
Explain Hydrogen Bonds - ANSWER-Weakest bond
Special Properties:
1. High Heat Capacity
2. High Heat Vaporization
3. Modest Viscosity
4. Superior ability as a Dissolving Agent
The pH scale... - ANSWER-Acid: Release a proton, H+, in water = HCl
i.e: beer, battery acid
Base: Release a hydroxyl, OH-, in water = NaOH
i.e.: household ammonia, baking soda
