Hesi Pediatrics Final Exam Questions & Answers Graded A 2025

The nurse is giving preoperative instructions to a 14-year-old female client who is scheduled for surgery to correct a spinal curvature. Which statement by the client best demonstrates that learning has taken place? A. "I will read all the literature you gave me before surgery." B. "I have had surgery before when I broke my wrist in a bike accident, so I know what to expect." C. "All the things people have told me will help me take care of my back." D. "I understand that I will be in a body cast and I will show you how you taught me to turn." D. "I understand that I will be in a body cast and I will show you how you taught me to turn." To take the vital signs of a 4-month-old child, which order will give the most accurate results? A. Respiratory rate, heart rate, then rectal temperature. B. Heart rate, rectal temperature, then respiratory rate. C. Rectal temperature, heart rate, then respiratory rate. D. Rectal temperature, respiratory rate, then heart rate. A. Respiratory rate, heart rate, then rectal temperature. During routine screening at a school clinic, an otoscope examination of a child's ear reveals a tympanic membrane that is pearly gray, slightly bulging, and not movable. What action should the nurse take next? A. No action required, as this is an expected finding for a school-aged child. B. Ask the child if he/she has had a cold, runny nose, or any ear pain lately. C. Send a note home advising the parents to have the child evaluated by a healthcare provider as soon as possible. D. Call the parents and have them take the child home from school for the rest of the day. B. Ask the child if he/she has had a cold, runny nose, or any ear pain lately. Which restraint should be used for a toddler after a cleft palate repair? A. Clove hitch. B. Mummy. C. Elbow. D. Jacket. C. Elbow. What preoperative nursing intervention should be included in the plan of care for an infant with pyloric stenosis? A. Monitor for signs of metabolic acidosis. B. Estimate the quantity of diarrhea stools. C. Place in a supine position after feeding. D. Observe for projectile vomiting. D. Observe for projectile vomiting. A six-month-old returns from surgery with elbow restraints in place. What nursing care should be included when caring for any restrained child? A. Keep restraints on at all times. lOMoAR cPSD| B. Remove restraints one at a time and provide range of motion exercises. C. Remove all restraints simultaneously and provide play activities. D. Renew the healthcare provider's prescription for restraints every 72 hours. B. Remove restraints one at a time and provide range of motion exercises. A 2-year-old child with Down syndrome is brought to the clinic for his regular physical examination. The nurse knows which problem is frequently associated with Down syndrome? A. Congenital heart disease. B. Fragile X chromosome. C. Trisomy 13. D. Pyloric stenosis. A. Congenital heart disease. When assessing a child with asthma, the nurse should expect intercostal retractions during A. Inspiration. B. Coughing. C. Apneic episodes. D. Expiration. A. Inspiration. When planning the care for a child who has had a cleft lip repair, the nurse knows that crying should be minimized because it A. Increases salivation. B. Increases the respiratory rate. C. Leads to vomiting. D. Stresses the suture line. D. Stresses the suture line. A full-term infant is admitted to the newborn nursery. After careful assessment, the nurse suspects that the infant may have an esophageal atresia. Which symptoms is this newborn likely to have exhibited? A. Choking, coughing, and cyanosis. B. Projectile vomiting and cyanosis. C. Apneic spells and grunting. D. Scaphoid abdomen and anorexia. A. Choking, coughing, and cyanosis. Which behavior would the nurse expect a two-year-old child to exhibit? A. Build a house with blocks. B. Ride a tricycle. C. Display possessiveness of toys. D. Look at a picture book for 15 minutes. C. Display possessiveness of toys. lOMoAR cPSD| The mother of a preschool-aged child asks the nurse if it is all right to administer Pepto Bismol to her son when he "has a tummy ache." After reminding the mother to check the label of all over-the-counter drugs for the presence of aspirin, which instruction should the nurse include when replying to this mother's question? A. If the child's tongue darkens, discontinue the Pepto Bismol immediately. B. Do not give if the child has chickenpox, the flu, or any other viral illness. C. Avoid the use of Pepto Bismol until the child is at least 16 years old. D. Pepto Bismol may cause a rebound hyperacidity, worsening the "tummy ache." B. Do not give if the child has chickenpox, the flu, or any other viral illness. The nurse observes a 4-year-old boy in a daycare setting. Which behavior should the nurse consider normal for this child? A. Has a temper tantrum when told he must share his toys. B. Plays by himself most of the day. C. Demonstrates aggressiveness by boasting when telling a story. D. Begins to cry and is fearful when separated from his parents. C. Demonstrates aggressiveness by boasting when telling a story. A burned child is brought to the emergency room. In estimating the percentage of the body burned, the nurse uses a modified "Rule of Nines." Which part of a child's body is calculated as a larger percentage of total body surface than an adult's? A. Head and neck. B. Arms and chest. C. Legs and abdomen. D. Back and abdomen. A. Head and neck. The nurse receives a lab report stating a child with asthma has a theophylline level of 15 mcg/dl. What action will the nurse take? A. Pass the information on in the report. B. Notify the healthcare provider because the value is high. C. Repeat the lab study because the value is too high. D. Hold the next dose of theophylline. A. Pass the information on in the report. A 12-month-old boy is admitted with a respiratory infection and possible pneumonia. He is placed in a mist tent with oxygen. Which nursing intervention has the greatest priority for this infant? A. Give small, frequent feedings of fluids. B. Accurately chart observations regarding breath sounds. C. Have a bulb syringe readily available to remove secretions. D. Encourage older siblings to visit. C. Have a bulb syringe readily available to remove secretions. lOMoAR cPSD| All of the following interventions can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of nursing and medical interventions used to treat diarrhea. Which intervention is least useful in the nurse's evaluation of a 20- month-old child? A. Weighing diapers. B. Assessing fontanels. C. Checking skin turgor. D. Observing mucous membranes for moisture. B. Assessing fontanels. A 5-month-old is admitted to the hospital with vomiting and diarrhea. The pediatrician prescribes dextrose 5% and 0.25% normal saline with 2 mEq KCl/100 ml to be infused at 25 ml/hour. Prior to initiating the infusion, the nurse should obtain which assessment finding? A. Frequency of emesis in the last 8 hours. B. Serum BUN and creatinine levels. C. Current blood sugar level. D. Appearance of the stool. B. Serum BUN and creatinine levels. The nurse is assigning care for a 4-year-old child with otitis media and is concerned about the child's increasing temperature over the past 24 hours. When planning care for this child, it is important for the nurse to consider that A. Only an RN should be assigned to monitor this child's temperature. B. A tympanic measurement of temperature will provide the most accurate reading. C. The licensed practical nurse should be instructed to obtain rectal temperatures on this child. D. The healthcare provider should be asked to prescribe the method for measurement of the child's temperatures. B. A tympanic measurement of temperature will provide the most accurate reading. The nurse is assessing an 8-month-old child who has a medical diagnosis of Tetrology of Fallot. Which symptom is this client most likely to exhibit? A. Bradycardia. B. Machinery murmur. C. Weak pedal pulses. D. Clubbed fingers. D. Clubbed fingers. As part of the physical assessment of children, the nurse observes and palpates the fontanels. Which child's fontanel finding should be reported to the healthcare provider? A. A 6-month-old with failure to thrive that has a closed anterior fontanel. B. A 24-month-old with gastroenteritis that has a closed posterior fontanel. C. A 2-month-old with chickenpox that has an open posterior fontanel. D. A 28-month-old with hydrocephalus that has an open anterior fontanel. A. A 6-month-old with failure to thrive that has a closed anterior fontanel.