NU650 Exam 1
Acute pain - ANS -sudden onset, often d/t illness or injury. Assess intensity using pain scales (0-10), and ask about
location, quality, timing, and any aggravating or relieving factors
\Anchoring bias - ANS -Fixating on one piece of information and using it as a reference point. Failure to adjust diagnosis
in light of new information
-A clinician locks onto a patient's description of an aura that precedes her headaches as indicative of a migraine and fails
to recognize red flags of increased intracranial pressure that should prompt neuroimaging for this patient.
\AP diameter of chest - ANS -1:2 (AP less than transverse)
\Autonomy - ANS -Respecting a patient's right to make decisions about their healthcare
\Availability heuristic - ANS -Assumption that a diagnosis is more likely, or more frequently occurring, it if more readily
comes to mind
-a clinician who has recently seen several patients with acute appendicitis does not consider ovarian torsion and an
adolescent girl presenting with acute right lower quadrant abdomen pain
\barrel chest - ANS -COPD
\Beneficence - ANS -Acting in the best interest of the patient
\Bronchophony - ANS -the spoken voice sound heard through the stethoscope, which sounds soft, muffled, and indistinct
over normal lung tissue
\Chronic pain - ANS -pain that lasts for extended period
ask about effects of pain on patient's ADLs, mood, sleep, work, sexual activity
\Clinical Reasoning steps: - ANS --Gathering initial pt information (Health history and physical examination)
-Organizing and interpreting information to synthesize the problem (problem representation)
-Generating hypothesis (differential diagnosis) for patient's problem
-Testing hypotheses until a working diagnosis is selected
, -Planning the diagnostic and treatment strategy
\Components of Health history - ANS -Objective & Subjective
1) Demographic information
2) Source of history
3) Chief concern
4) History of present illness
5) Past health history and current health status
6) Family history
7) Social history
8) Health promotion behaviors
\Confirmation bias - ANS -seeking supportive evidence for a diagnosis at the exclusion of more persuasive information
refuting it
-A clinician makes a presumptive diagnosis of an upper respiratory infection and a well appearing patient presenting with
cough, rhinorrhea and fever and does not consider pneumonia even after finding asymmetric chest wall excursion and
dullness to chest percussion on examination.
\core values of medical ethics - ANS -These typically include autonomy (respect for patient choices), beneficence doing
good), non-maleficence (avoiding harm), and justice (fairness).
\Crackles/rales - ANS -high pitched, discontinuous
\decreased fremitus - ANS -means air trapping such as with emphysema or bronchial obstruction
\Diagnostic momentum - ANS -Prioritizing a diagnosis made by prior clinicians, discounting evidence of alternative
explanations
-a clinician does not consider acute MI in a patient who was recently diagnosed with acid reflux in the setting of symptoms
\Egophony - ANS -abnormal change in tone of voice that is heard when auscultating the lungs EE --> AA
\EOM testing - ANS -CN III, IV, VI
\Explain how bias can impact health history - ANS -Bias: prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group
compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair.
Acute pain - ANS -sudden onset, often d/t illness or injury. Assess intensity using pain scales (0-10), and ask about
location, quality, timing, and any aggravating or relieving factors
\Anchoring bias - ANS -Fixating on one piece of information and using it as a reference point. Failure to adjust diagnosis
in light of new information
-A clinician locks onto a patient's description of an aura that precedes her headaches as indicative of a migraine and fails
to recognize red flags of increased intracranial pressure that should prompt neuroimaging for this patient.
\AP diameter of chest - ANS -1:2 (AP less than transverse)
\Autonomy - ANS -Respecting a patient's right to make decisions about their healthcare
\Availability heuristic - ANS -Assumption that a diagnosis is more likely, or more frequently occurring, it if more readily
comes to mind
-a clinician who has recently seen several patients with acute appendicitis does not consider ovarian torsion and an
adolescent girl presenting with acute right lower quadrant abdomen pain
\barrel chest - ANS -COPD
\Beneficence - ANS -Acting in the best interest of the patient
\Bronchophony - ANS -the spoken voice sound heard through the stethoscope, which sounds soft, muffled, and indistinct
over normal lung tissue
\Chronic pain - ANS -pain that lasts for extended period
ask about effects of pain on patient's ADLs, mood, sleep, work, sexual activity
\Clinical Reasoning steps: - ANS --Gathering initial pt information (Health history and physical examination)
-Organizing and interpreting information to synthesize the problem (problem representation)
-Generating hypothesis (differential diagnosis) for patient's problem
-Testing hypotheses until a working diagnosis is selected
, -Planning the diagnostic and treatment strategy
\Components of Health history - ANS -Objective & Subjective
1) Demographic information
2) Source of history
3) Chief concern
4) History of present illness
5) Past health history and current health status
6) Family history
7) Social history
8) Health promotion behaviors
\Confirmation bias - ANS -seeking supportive evidence for a diagnosis at the exclusion of more persuasive information
refuting it
-A clinician makes a presumptive diagnosis of an upper respiratory infection and a well appearing patient presenting with
cough, rhinorrhea and fever and does not consider pneumonia even after finding asymmetric chest wall excursion and
dullness to chest percussion on examination.
\core values of medical ethics - ANS -These typically include autonomy (respect for patient choices), beneficence doing
good), non-maleficence (avoiding harm), and justice (fairness).
\Crackles/rales - ANS -high pitched, discontinuous
\decreased fremitus - ANS -means air trapping such as with emphysema or bronchial obstruction
\Diagnostic momentum - ANS -Prioritizing a diagnosis made by prior clinicians, discounting evidence of alternative
explanations
-a clinician does not consider acute MI in a patient who was recently diagnosed with acid reflux in the setting of symptoms
\Egophony - ANS -abnormal change in tone of voice that is heard when auscultating the lungs EE --> AA
\EOM testing - ANS -CN III, IV, VI
\Explain how bias can impact health history - ANS -Bias: prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group
compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair.
