FCCN Level 2 -Questions With Insightful Solutions
PaO2 Correct Ans - partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood,
obtained using an ABG
80-100mmHG
PaO2 60=SpO2 90%
SpO2 Correct Ans - saturation of peripheral oxygen, obtained
using pulse ox
90-100%
SpO2 90%=PaO2 60
PaCO2 Correct Ans - 35-45
respiratory acidosis Correct Ans - low pH, high CO2
causes: CNS depression from drugs such as sedation, injury, or
disease
breathe too slow, retaining CO2
respiratory alkalosis Correct Ans - high pH, low CO2
causes: pain, fever, sepsis
breathe too fast, not retaining enough CO2
HCO3 Correct Ans - 22-26
metabolic acidosis Correct Ans - low pH, low HCO3
,causes: diarrhea, DKA, hyperkalemia
metabolic alkalosis Correct Ans - high pH, high HCO3
causes: vomiting, suctioning, hypokalemia
pH Correct Ans - 7.35-7.45
reading ABGs Correct Ans - 1. evaluate pH to identify acidosis
or alkalosis
2. match CO2 or HCO3 with pH state using ROME to determine
respiratory or metabolic
3. assess whether CO2 or HCO3 state is opposite of pH to determine
if it is uncompensated, partially compensated, fully compensated, or
corrected
non-invasive ventilation Correct Ans - CPAP/BiPAP
CPAP Correct Ans - continuous positive airway pressure;
provides inspiratory pressure
BiPAP Correct Ans - bilevel positive airway pressure; provides
inspiratory and expiratory pressure
intubation Correct Ans - insertion of ETT into trachea
RSI Correct Ans - administration of induction agent and
neuromuscular blockade agent simultaneously
intubation kit medications Correct Ans - premeds - versed and
fentanyl
sedatives - propofol, etomidate, ketamine
,paralytics - succinylcholine, rocuronium
pressor - phenylephrine
intubation preparation Correct Ans - -notify RT and
pharmacist
-discuss need for intubation and obtain consent, ensure pt does not
have DNI order.
-evaluate whether pt has difficult airway
-verify equipment and PPE
-assure functioning IV access
-position pt
-ensure verbalization of procedural pause
-preoxygenate
RN role during intubation Correct Ans - monitor pt vital signs
especially O2 sats, administer medications, monitor time of
intubation attempts, suctioning as needed
intubation process Correct Ans - -following sedation, bag mask
ventilate the pt
-physician visualize ETT passing through cords
-anesthesia backup will be notified after 10 minutes or 2 attempts to
secure the airway
post intubation care Correct Ans - -portable chest x-ray, ABGs
-obtain sedation and analgesia orders
-hourly RASS observation
-monitor for hemodynamic changes
ventilator settings Correct Ans - FiO2
Tidal Volume
Respiratory Rate
, PEEP
Mode
FiO2 Correct Ans - fraction of inspired oxygen; the
concentration of oxygen in the air we breathe
RA is 21%, maximum is 100%
lung protection FiO2 goal: maintain SpO2 target with FiO2 <60%
PEEP Correct Ans - positive end-expiratory pressure, provides
positive pressure to airways during expiration and helps keep
alveoli open
common mechanical ventilator setting in which airway pressure is
maintained above atmospheric pressure
disadvantages: increased thoracic pressure decreases venous return
to the heart. high levels can cause barotrauma, tension pneumo
respiratory rate Correct Ans - minimum number of breaths per
minute the vent will ensure your pt takes
increase the rate to blow off CO2, decrease rate to retain
tidal volume Correct Ans - amount of air that moves in and out
of the lungs during a breath. calculated based on predicted body
weight (height and gender)
6mL/kg is ideal
minute ventilation Correct Ans - tidal volume x respiratory
rate
PaO2 Correct Ans - partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood,
obtained using an ABG
80-100mmHG
PaO2 60=SpO2 90%
SpO2 Correct Ans - saturation of peripheral oxygen, obtained
using pulse ox
90-100%
SpO2 90%=PaO2 60
PaCO2 Correct Ans - 35-45
respiratory acidosis Correct Ans - low pH, high CO2
causes: CNS depression from drugs such as sedation, injury, or
disease
breathe too slow, retaining CO2
respiratory alkalosis Correct Ans - high pH, low CO2
causes: pain, fever, sepsis
breathe too fast, not retaining enough CO2
HCO3 Correct Ans - 22-26
metabolic acidosis Correct Ans - low pH, low HCO3
,causes: diarrhea, DKA, hyperkalemia
metabolic alkalosis Correct Ans - high pH, high HCO3
causes: vomiting, suctioning, hypokalemia
pH Correct Ans - 7.35-7.45
reading ABGs Correct Ans - 1. evaluate pH to identify acidosis
or alkalosis
2. match CO2 or HCO3 with pH state using ROME to determine
respiratory or metabolic
3. assess whether CO2 or HCO3 state is opposite of pH to determine
if it is uncompensated, partially compensated, fully compensated, or
corrected
non-invasive ventilation Correct Ans - CPAP/BiPAP
CPAP Correct Ans - continuous positive airway pressure;
provides inspiratory pressure
BiPAP Correct Ans - bilevel positive airway pressure; provides
inspiratory and expiratory pressure
intubation Correct Ans - insertion of ETT into trachea
RSI Correct Ans - administration of induction agent and
neuromuscular blockade agent simultaneously
intubation kit medications Correct Ans - premeds - versed and
fentanyl
sedatives - propofol, etomidate, ketamine
,paralytics - succinylcholine, rocuronium
pressor - phenylephrine
intubation preparation Correct Ans - -notify RT and
pharmacist
-discuss need for intubation and obtain consent, ensure pt does not
have DNI order.
-evaluate whether pt has difficult airway
-verify equipment and PPE
-assure functioning IV access
-position pt
-ensure verbalization of procedural pause
-preoxygenate
RN role during intubation Correct Ans - monitor pt vital signs
especially O2 sats, administer medications, monitor time of
intubation attempts, suctioning as needed
intubation process Correct Ans - -following sedation, bag mask
ventilate the pt
-physician visualize ETT passing through cords
-anesthesia backup will be notified after 10 minutes or 2 attempts to
secure the airway
post intubation care Correct Ans - -portable chest x-ray, ABGs
-obtain sedation and analgesia orders
-hourly RASS observation
-monitor for hemodynamic changes
ventilator settings Correct Ans - FiO2
Tidal Volume
Respiratory Rate
, PEEP
Mode
FiO2 Correct Ans - fraction of inspired oxygen; the
concentration of oxygen in the air we breathe
RA is 21%, maximum is 100%
lung protection FiO2 goal: maintain SpO2 target with FiO2 <60%
PEEP Correct Ans - positive end-expiratory pressure, provides
positive pressure to airways during expiration and helps keep
alveoli open
common mechanical ventilator setting in which airway pressure is
maintained above atmospheric pressure
disadvantages: increased thoracic pressure decreases venous return
to the heart. high levels can cause barotrauma, tension pneumo
respiratory rate Correct Ans - minimum number of breaths per
minute the vent will ensure your pt takes
increase the rate to blow off CO2, decrease rate to retain
tidal volume Correct Ans - amount of air that moves in and out
of the lungs during a breath. calculated based on predicted body
weight (height and gender)
6mL/kg is ideal
minute ventilation Correct Ans - tidal volume x respiratory
rate
