NBME 31 (Latest 2025/2026 i,- i,- i,- i,-
Update) Questions with Verified i,- i,- i,- i,-
Answers | 100% Correct. i,- i,- i,-
What is Diabetic mononeuropathy?
i,- i,- Microvascular damage i,- i,-i,- i,- i,- i,-
from Long term DM that can cause Cranial nerve palsy of the
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Abducens nerve or Oculomotor nerve i,- i,- i,- i,-
Where does the maxillary sinus drain?
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- Hiatus semilunaris in i,- i,- i,-
the middle nasal meatus
i,- i,- i,-
What is the most common primary bone cancer that occurs in the
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
20-30s? Osteosarcoma i,-i,- i,-
What two bones are the main locations for osteosarcoma?
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,-
Tibia and femur
i,- i,-
How many calories are lost in a week to lose about a pound a
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
week? 3500 calories a week
i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
,What is released from damaged endothelium?
i,- i,- Endothelin i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- i,-
which causes vasoconstriction and increases von Willebrand
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
factor concentration for platelet aggregation and increased
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
thromboxane A2 for platelet activation/recruitment
i,- i,- i,- i,-
What is the mechanism behind Hypercalcemia in Sarcoidosis?
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,-
Activated macrophages increase alpha1-hydroxylase which
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
increases active Vitamin D
i,- i,- i,-
What anesthetic is an antagonist to NMDA receptors?
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,-
Ketamine
What is Codeines MOA?
i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- Opioid agonist i,-
What is the MOA of Propofol?
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- Activates GABA receptor i,- i,-
What is the first branch off of the abdominal aorta?
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- Celiac i,-
trunk
What does the celiac trunk supply?
i,- i,- Liver, Stomach, proximal
i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
duodenum, Pancreas, inferior esophagus, and the Spleen (only
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
supplied by celiac)i,- i,-
,What is the role of Arterial stents being coated with paclitaxel?
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,-
Prevents Smooth muscle growth over the stent
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
What two things does DHT help develop?
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- External male i,- i,-
genitalia and the prostate i,- i,- i,-
What histo is seen for Fibromuscular dysplasia?
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- Beaded i,-
stenosis of renal artery i,- i,- i,-
What heart problems can be seen in Marfan syndrome?
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,-
Aortic dissection, Aortic aneurysm, aortic insufficiency, and mitral
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
valve prolapse i,-
How does Factitious disorder present?
i,- Person with symptoms
i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
and abnormal labs but no source found (they are doing it to
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
themselves)
What happens to systole and diastole length during tachycardia?
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,-
Diastole is shortened more than systole
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
What Lab is the most different between Thiazides and Loops?
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,-
Thiazides can cause Hypercalcemia while Loops cause
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
hypocalcemia
, If the SVC is obstructed where does blood return to the heart
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
from? Internal mammary, azygous, and intercostal veins into
i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
the IVCi,-
What forms the forebrain?
i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- Prosencephalon
What does the Prosencephalon differentiate into?
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,-
Telencephalon (cortical hemispheres/lateral ventricles) and
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Diencephalon (Thalamus and hypothalamus) i,- i,- i,-
What is defective in Holoprosencephaly?
i,- i,- Failed i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- i,-
prosencephalon to differentiate into two hemispheres i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
What does the mesencephalon become?
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- Midbrain
What does the Rhombencephalon differentiate into?
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,-
Metencephalon and Myelencephalon which form brainstem, i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
cerebellum, and fourth ventricle i,- i,- i,-
What is the cause of Left sided partial focal seizure (Left leg
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
weakness? Right frontal cortex lesion
i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Update) Questions with Verified i,- i,- i,- i,-
Answers | 100% Correct. i,- i,- i,-
What is Diabetic mononeuropathy?
i,- i,- Microvascular damage i,- i,-i,- i,- i,- i,-
from Long term DM that can cause Cranial nerve palsy of the
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Abducens nerve or Oculomotor nerve i,- i,- i,- i,-
Where does the maxillary sinus drain?
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- Hiatus semilunaris in i,- i,- i,-
the middle nasal meatus
i,- i,- i,-
What is the most common primary bone cancer that occurs in the
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
20-30s? Osteosarcoma i,-i,- i,-
What two bones are the main locations for osteosarcoma?
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,-
Tibia and femur
i,- i,-
How many calories are lost in a week to lose about a pound a
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
week? 3500 calories a week
i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
,What is released from damaged endothelium?
i,- i,- Endothelin i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- i,-
which causes vasoconstriction and increases von Willebrand
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
factor concentration for platelet aggregation and increased
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
thromboxane A2 for platelet activation/recruitment
i,- i,- i,- i,-
What is the mechanism behind Hypercalcemia in Sarcoidosis?
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,-
Activated macrophages increase alpha1-hydroxylase which
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
increases active Vitamin D
i,- i,- i,-
What anesthetic is an antagonist to NMDA receptors?
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,-
Ketamine
What is Codeines MOA?
i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- Opioid agonist i,-
What is the MOA of Propofol?
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- Activates GABA receptor i,- i,-
What is the first branch off of the abdominal aorta?
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- Celiac i,-
trunk
What does the celiac trunk supply?
i,- i,- Liver, Stomach, proximal
i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
duodenum, Pancreas, inferior esophagus, and the Spleen (only
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
supplied by celiac)i,- i,-
,What is the role of Arterial stents being coated with paclitaxel?
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,-
Prevents Smooth muscle growth over the stent
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
What two things does DHT help develop?
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- External male i,- i,-
genitalia and the prostate i,- i,- i,-
What histo is seen for Fibromuscular dysplasia?
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- Beaded i,-
stenosis of renal artery i,- i,- i,-
What heart problems can be seen in Marfan syndrome?
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,-
Aortic dissection, Aortic aneurysm, aortic insufficiency, and mitral
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
valve prolapse i,-
How does Factitious disorder present?
i,- Person with symptoms
i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
and abnormal labs but no source found (they are doing it to
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
themselves)
What happens to systole and diastole length during tachycardia?
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,-
Diastole is shortened more than systole
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
What Lab is the most different between Thiazides and Loops?
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,-
Thiazides can cause Hypercalcemia while Loops cause
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
hypocalcemia
, If the SVC is obstructed where does blood return to the heart
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
from? Internal mammary, azygous, and intercostal veins into
i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
the IVCi,-
What forms the forebrain?
i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- Prosencephalon
What does the Prosencephalon differentiate into?
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,-
Telencephalon (cortical hemispheres/lateral ventricles) and
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Diencephalon (Thalamus and hypothalamus) i,- i,- i,-
What is defective in Holoprosencephaly?
i,- i,- Failed i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- i,-
prosencephalon to differentiate into two hemispheres i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
What does the mesencephalon become?
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- Midbrain
What does the Rhombencephalon differentiate into?
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,-
Metencephalon and Myelencephalon which form brainstem, i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
cerebellum, and fourth ventricle i,- i,- i,-
What is the cause of Left sided partial focal seizure (Left leg
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
weakness? Right frontal cortex lesion
i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
