GMS 6402 (Respiratory physiology) Exam
Questions with correct answers
All |of |the |following |can |be |measured |via |spirometry |EXCEPT
|| || || || || || || || ||
- |Tidal |volume
|| ||
- |Vital |capacity
|| ||
- |Functional |residual |capacity
|| || ||
- |Inspiratory |capacity
|| ||
- |Expiratory |reserve |volume |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-answer |is |C: |Functional |residual
|| || || || || || || || || || || |
capacity
Spirometry || |
- |a |way |to |measure |lung |volumes |and |determine |if |someone |has |sufficient |ventilation |or
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|not
||
- |accurately |measures |vital |capacity |and |all |values |that |constitute |it
|| || || || || || || || || ||
- |cannot |measure |residual |volume |, |or |any |component |that |contains |RV |- |TLC |and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || |
functional |residual |capacity || ||
- |Tidal |volume |is |the |amount |of |air |inhaled/exhaled |with |a |normal |breath
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || |
- |vital |capacity |- |is |the |volume |of |air |that |is |exhaled |after |maximal |inspiration |(~5L) |=
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || |
ERV |+ |VT |+ |IRV
|| || || ||
- |inspiratory |capacity |- |is |the |amount |of |air |that |can |be |drawn |into |the |lungs |after
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || |
normal |expiration |(~3L). |Its |the |sum |of |IRV |+ |TV
|| || || || || || || || ||
- |expiratory |reserve |volume |- |is |the |volume |of |air |that |can |be |expelled |after |normal
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || |
tidal |volume |expiration
|| ||
Briefly |describe |how |the |radii |of |the |various |tubes |change |as |we |move |from |the |
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
trachea |to |the |alveoli. |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-As |you |move |down |the |trachea |to |the |
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
alveoli |the |radii |decreases. |The |trachea |is |surrounded |by |thick |layers |of |cartilage |and |
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
,has |a |diameter |of |1.8 |cm. |The |trachea |then |divides |into |bronchi |with |a |smaller |
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
diameter |and |less |cartilage |layers. |From |there |the |bronchi |continue |to |divide |into |smaller
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|tubes |with |less |cartilage |and |more |smooth |muscle |before |getting |to |the |terminal |
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
bronchioles |which |are |characterized |by |epithelial |cell |layering |and |no |cartilage |or |smooth
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|muscle. |At |the |end |of |the |respiratory |zone |you |will |find |alveolar |sacs |with |a |diameter |
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
of |0.04.
||
What |is |the |Transpulmonary |pressure |(PTP) |if |pleural |pressure |is |-7 |cm |H2O |and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || |
alveolar |pressure |is |-3 |cm |H2O? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-+4 |cm |H2O
|| || || || || || || || || ||
TP |= |Palveolar |- |Ppleural
|| || || ||
A |lung |compliance |test |indicates |that |a |3 |cm |H2O |change |in |transpulmonary |pressure |
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
generates |a |0.9 |liter |change |in |lung |volume. |What |is |this |patient's |lung |compliance? |- |
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-0.3 |liters |of |air/cm |H2O
|| || || || ||
lung |compliance |= |delta |V/delta |P
|| || || || ||
Airway |resistance |across |a |set |of |airways |is |lowest |under |which |of |the |following
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || |
conditions?
A. |airway |radius |is |large |and |the |length |of |the |tube |is |large
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || |
B. |airway |radius |is |large |and |the |length |of |the |tube |is |small
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
C. |airway |radius |is |small |and |the |airways |are |in |series
|| || || || || || || || || || || |
D. |airway |radius |is |small |and |the |airways |are |in |parallel
|| || || || || || || || || ||
E. |airway |radius |is |large |and |gas |viscosity |is |increased |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-- |answer
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || |
is |B: |airway |radius |is |large |and |the |length |of |the |tube |is |small
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Resistance |= |(viscosity |x |length) |/ |r^4 || || || || || ||
As |the |lungs |fill |with |air |and |we |move |from |a |low |lung |volume |to |higher |lung
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || |
volumes, |airway |resistance |will || || ||
, A. |increase |linearly
|| || || |
B. |decrease |exponentially
|| || || |
C. |increase |exponentially
|| || || |
D. |decrease |linearly
|| || || |
E. |all |the |above |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-- |answer |is |B: |decrease |exponentially
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
- |inverse |relationship
|| ||
A |patient |performs |an |expiratory |forced |vital |capacity |maneuver. |His |FVC |is |2 |liters |and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|his |FEV1 |is |1 |liter. |Based |on |your |knowledge |of |these |numbers |you |would |predict |that
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|this |person |suffers |from
|| || ||
A. |restrictive |lung |disease
|| || || || |
B. |pulmonary |fibrosis
|| || || |
C. |an |obstructive |lung |disease
|| || || || || |
D. |all |of |the |above
|| || || || || |
E. |this |patient |is |normal |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-- |answer |is |C: |an |obstructive |lung
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || |
disease
restrictive |lung |disease || || || |
- |lung |inflation |impaired
|| || || || |
- |pulmonary |fibrosis |(low |lung |compliance |but |high |recoil) |and |edema |and |ARDS
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
- |decrease |in |VC |due |to |decreased |TLC
|| || || || || || || || |
- |FEV1/FVC |> |80% |- |air |comes |out |very |quickly
|| || || || || || || || || || |
obstructive |lung |disease || || || |
- |expiration |impaired
|| || || |
- |emphysema |(high |compliance |but |low |recoil) |and |asthma
|| || || || || || || || || |
- |decrease |in |VC |due |to |increase |RV
|| || || || || || || || |
Questions with correct answers
All |of |the |following |can |be |measured |via |spirometry |EXCEPT
|| || || || || || || || ||
- |Tidal |volume
|| ||
- |Vital |capacity
|| ||
- |Functional |residual |capacity
|| || ||
- |Inspiratory |capacity
|| ||
- |Expiratory |reserve |volume |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-answer |is |C: |Functional |residual
|| || || || || || || || || || || |
capacity
Spirometry || |
- |a |way |to |measure |lung |volumes |and |determine |if |someone |has |sufficient |ventilation |or
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|not
||
- |accurately |measures |vital |capacity |and |all |values |that |constitute |it
|| || || || || || || || || ||
- |cannot |measure |residual |volume |, |or |any |component |that |contains |RV |- |TLC |and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || |
functional |residual |capacity || ||
- |Tidal |volume |is |the |amount |of |air |inhaled/exhaled |with |a |normal |breath
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || |
- |vital |capacity |- |is |the |volume |of |air |that |is |exhaled |after |maximal |inspiration |(~5L) |=
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || |
ERV |+ |VT |+ |IRV
|| || || ||
- |inspiratory |capacity |- |is |the |amount |of |air |that |can |be |drawn |into |the |lungs |after
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || |
normal |expiration |(~3L). |Its |the |sum |of |IRV |+ |TV
|| || || || || || || || ||
- |expiratory |reserve |volume |- |is |the |volume |of |air |that |can |be |expelled |after |normal
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || |
tidal |volume |expiration
|| ||
Briefly |describe |how |the |radii |of |the |various |tubes |change |as |we |move |from |the |
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
trachea |to |the |alveoli. |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-As |you |move |down |the |trachea |to |the |
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
alveoli |the |radii |decreases. |The |trachea |is |surrounded |by |thick |layers |of |cartilage |and |
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
,has |a |diameter |of |1.8 |cm. |The |trachea |then |divides |into |bronchi |with |a |smaller |
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
diameter |and |less |cartilage |layers. |From |there |the |bronchi |continue |to |divide |into |smaller
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|tubes |with |less |cartilage |and |more |smooth |muscle |before |getting |to |the |terminal |
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
bronchioles |which |are |characterized |by |epithelial |cell |layering |and |no |cartilage |or |smooth
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|muscle. |At |the |end |of |the |respiratory |zone |you |will |find |alveolar |sacs |with |a |diameter |
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
of |0.04.
||
What |is |the |Transpulmonary |pressure |(PTP) |if |pleural |pressure |is |-7 |cm |H2O |and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || |
alveolar |pressure |is |-3 |cm |H2O? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-+4 |cm |H2O
|| || || || || || || || || ||
TP |= |Palveolar |- |Ppleural
|| || || ||
A |lung |compliance |test |indicates |that |a |3 |cm |H2O |change |in |transpulmonary |pressure |
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
generates |a |0.9 |liter |change |in |lung |volume. |What |is |this |patient's |lung |compliance? |- |
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-0.3 |liters |of |air/cm |H2O
|| || || || ||
lung |compliance |= |delta |V/delta |P
|| || || || ||
Airway |resistance |across |a |set |of |airways |is |lowest |under |which |of |the |following
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || |
conditions?
A. |airway |radius |is |large |and |the |length |of |the |tube |is |large
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || |
B. |airway |radius |is |large |and |the |length |of |the |tube |is |small
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
C. |airway |radius |is |small |and |the |airways |are |in |series
|| || || || || || || || || || || |
D. |airway |radius |is |small |and |the |airways |are |in |parallel
|| || || || || || || || || ||
E. |airway |radius |is |large |and |gas |viscosity |is |increased |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-- |answer
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || |
is |B: |airway |radius |is |large |and |the |length |of |the |tube |is |small
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Resistance |= |(viscosity |x |length) |/ |r^4 || || || || || ||
As |the |lungs |fill |with |air |and |we |move |from |a |low |lung |volume |to |higher |lung
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || |
volumes, |airway |resistance |will || || ||
, A. |increase |linearly
|| || || |
B. |decrease |exponentially
|| || || |
C. |increase |exponentially
|| || || |
D. |decrease |linearly
|| || || |
E. |all |the |above |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-- |answer |is |B: |decrease |exponentially
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
- |inverse |relationship
|| ||
A |patient |performs |an |expiratory |forced |vital |capacity |maneuver. |His |FVC |is |2 |liters |and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|his |FEV1 |is |1 |liter. |Based |on |your |knowledge |of |these |numbers |you |would |predict |that
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|this |person |suffers |from
|| || ||
A. |restrictive |lung |disease
|| || || || |
B. |pulmonary |fibrosis
|| || || |
C. |an |obstructive |lung |disease
|| || || || || |
D. |all |of |the |above
|| || || || || |
E. |this |patient |is |normal |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-- |answer |is |C: |an |obstructive |lung
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || |
disease
restrictive |lung |disease || || || |
- |lung |inflation |impaired
|| || || || |
- |pulmonary |fibrosis |(low |lung |compliance |but |high |recoil) |and |edema |and |ARDS
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
- |decrease |in |VC |due |to |decreased |TLC
|| || || || || || || || |
- |FEV1/FVC |> |80% |- |air |comes |out |very |quickly
|| || || || || || || || || || |
obstructive |lung |disease || || || |
- |expiration |impaired
|| || || |
- |emphysema |(high |compliance |but |low |recoil) |and |asthma
|| || || || || || || || || |
- |decrease |in |VC |due |to |increase |RV
|| || || || || || || || |
