LVN Pharmacology Exam V Questions With All Correct
Answers
ch. 41 Correct answer-drugs that effect the gastrointestinal system
antiemetics Correct answer-Medications used prevent or stop nausea/vomiting
motion sickness drugs Correct answer-buclizine (Bucladin)
cyclizine (Marezine)
diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)
meclizine (Antivert)
scopolamine (Scopace-oral, Transderm-Scop-patch)
antiemetics- specific uses Correct answer-before surgery to prevent vomiting during service
immediately after surgery when the pt is recovering from anesthesia
before, during, and after administration of antineoplastic drugs that induce a high degree of nausea
and vomiting
during radiation therapy when the GI tract is in the treatment field
bacterial and viral infections and adverse drug reactions
vertigo and motion sickness
nursing diagnosis for GI system- drugs Correct answer-risk for deficient fluid volume R/T diarrhea,
nausea, & vomiting
imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements R/T impaired ability to ingest and retain food and
liquids, or offensive tastes and smells
individual effective therapeutic regimen management R/T inability to take oral form of medication
Risk for injury R/T adverse effects of drowsiness
plan of care Correct answer-depends on the reason for the upper GI drug administered
nursing implications for antiemetics Correct answer-Antiemetics are administered regularly in the
hospital and home to decrease chemotherapy-related nausea, vomiting, and retching. Managing
these side-effects requires superior assessment skills and extensive knowledge of pharmacologic
actions. Patient and family education on antiemetics is essential in light of increased administration
of outpatient chemotherapy
Z-track technique of IM injection Correct answer-used when a drug is highly irritating to tissues or
has the ability to permanently stain the skin
Z-track procedure Correct answer-draw the drug up into the syringe
discard the needle and place a new needle (on the syringe to prevent any solution that may remain
in the needle from contacting tissues as the needle is put into the muscle)
pull the plunger down to draw approx. 0.1 - 0.2 mL of air into the syringe (air bubble in the syringe
follows the drug into the tissues and seals off the area where the drug was injected
place pt in correct position for administration of an IM injection
cleanse the skin
pull the skin, sub q tissues and fat (that lie over the injection site) laterally, displacing the tissue to
the side (aprox. 1 inch)
, Z- track procedure contd Correct answer-while holding the tissues in the lateral position, insert the
needle at a 90 degree angle and inject drug
after drug is injected, wait 10 seconds to permit the medication to disperse into the muscle tissue,
then release the tissue while withdrawing the needle (this technique prevents the backflow of drug
into the sub q tissue
what drugs are administered through the Z-track method? Correct answer-drugs that irritate the
tissue or has the ability to permanently stain the skin
EMETICS Correct answer-drugs that cause vomiting
when would the use of an emetic drug (syrup of ipecac) be contraindicated? Correct answer-pt
who is comatose or has altered mental status, and the risk of aspiration of stomach contents is high
pt is having convulsions
the substance ingested is capable of causing altered mental status or convulsions
the substance ingested is a caustic or corrosive agent
the substance ingested is a low-viscosity petroleum distillate with the potential for pulmonary
aspiration and the dev of chemical pneumonitis
the pt has a medical condition that may be exacerated by vomiting (i.e. severe hypertension,
bradycardia, hemorrhagic diathesis.)
must know what was ingested before inducing vomiting
syrup of ipecac (guidelines for use) Correct answer-do not use in persons that are not fully
conscious
do not use unless directed by a health care professional
do not use if turpentine, corrosives, such as alkalis (lye) or strong acids, or petroleum distillates, such
as kerosene, paint thinner, cleaning fluid, or furniture polish, have been ingested
after the administration of an emetic Correct answer-client should drink a large amount of tepid
fluid
why do you have to increase fluid intake? Correct answer-to flush and prevent dehydration
emetic nursing implications Correct answer-Assessment & Drug Effects
Note: Emetic effect occurs in 15-30 min and continues for 20-25 min. If vomiting does not occur in
20-30 min, repeat dose once.
Contact physician immediately if vomiting does not occur within 15-20 min after a second dose.
Dosage should be recovered by gastric lavage and activated charcoal if necessary.
Note: Ipecac syrup can be cardiotoxic if not vomited and allowed to be absorbed.
Report immediately to physician if vomiting persists longer than 2-3 h after ipecac syrup is given.
Patient & Family Education
Call an emergency room, poison control center, or physician before using ipecac syrup.
Do not breast feed after using this drug without consulting physician.
Antacids Correct answer-Aluminum (Al) hydroxide (Amphojel)
Magnesium (Mg) hydroxide/aluminum hydroxide (Maalox)
Calcium carbonate (Tums)
Sodium bicarbonate (Alka-Seltzer) (systemic)
Answers
ch. 41 Correct answer-drugs that effect the gastrointestinal system
antiemetics Correct answer-Medications used prevent or stop nausea/vomiting
motion sickness drugs Correct answer-buclizine (Bucladin)
cyclizine (Marezine)
diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)
meclizine (Antivert)
scopolamine (Scopace-oral, Transderm-Scop-patch)
antiemetics- specific uses Correct answer-before surgery to prevent vomiting during service
immediately after surgery when the pt is recovering from anesthesia
before, during, and after administration of antineoplastic drugs that induce a high degree of nausea
and vomiting
during radiation therapy when the GI tract is in the treatment field
bacterial and viral infections and adverse drug reactions
vertigo and motion sickness
nursing diagnosis for GI system- drugs Correct answer-risk for deficient fluid volume R/T diarrhea,
nausea, & vomiting
imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements R/T impaired ability to ingest and retain food and
liquids, or offensive tastes and smells
individual effective therapeutic regimen management R/T inability to take oral form of medication
Risk for injury R/T adverse effects of drowsiness
plan of care Correct answer-depends on the reason for the upper GI drug administered
nursing implications for antiemetics Correct answer-Antiemetics are administered regularly in the
hospital and home to decrease chemotherapy-related nausea, vomiting, and retching. Managing
these side-effects requires superior assessment skills and extensive knowledge of pharmacologic
actions. Patient and family education on antiemetics is essential in light of increased administration
of outpatient chemotherapy
Z-track technique of IM injection Correct answer-used when a drug is highly irritating to tissues or
has the ability to permanently stain the skin
Z-track procedure Correct answer-draw the drug up into the syringe
discard the needle and place a new needle (on the syringe to prevent any solution that may remain
in the needle from contacting tissues as the needle is put into the muscle)
pull the plunger down to draw approx. 0.1 - 0.2 mL of air into the syringe (air bubble in the syringe
follows the drug into the tissues and seals off the area where the drug was injected
place pt in correct position for administration of an IM injection
cleanse the skin
pull the skin, sub q tissues and fat (that lie over the injection site) laterally, displacing the tissue to
the side (aprox. 1 inch)
, Z- track procedure contd Correct answer-while holding the tissues in the lateral position, insert the
needle at a 90 degree angle and inject drug
after drug is injected, wait 10 seconds to permit the medication to disperse into the muscle tissue,
then release the tissue while withdrawing the needle (this technique prevents the backflow of drug
into the sub q tissue
what drugs are administered through the Z-track method? Correct answer-drugs that irritate the
tissue or has the ability to permanently stain the skin
EMETICS Correct answer-drugs that cause vomiting
when would the use of an emetic drug (syrup of ipecac) be contraindicated? Correct answer-pt
who is comatose or has altered mental status, and the risk of aspiration of stomach contents is high
pt is having convulsions
the substance ingested is capable of causing altered mental status or convulsions
the substance ingested is a caustic or corrosive agent
the substance ingested is a low-viscosity petroleum distillate with the potential for pulmonary
aspiration and the dev of chemical pneumonitis
the pt has a medical condition that may be exacerated by vomiting (i.e. severe hypertension,
bradycardia, hemorrhagic diathesis.)
must know what was ingested before inducing vomiting
syrup of ipecac (guidelines for use) Correct answer-do not use in persons that are not fully
conscious
do not use unless directed by a health care professional
do not use if turpentine, corrosives, such as alkalis (lye) or strong acids, or petroleum distillates, such
as kerosene, paint thinner, cleaning fluid, or furniture polish, have been ingested
after the administration of an emetic Correct answer-client should drink a large amount of tepid
fluid
why do you have to increase fluid intake? Correct answer-to flush and prevent dehydration
emetic nursing implications Correct answer-Assessment & Drug Effects
Note: Emetic effect occurs in 15-30 min and continues for 20-25 min. If vomiting does not occur in
20-30 min, repeat dose once.
Contact physician immediately if vomiting does not occur within 15-20 min after a second dose.
Dosage should be recovered by gastric lavage and activated charcoal if necessary.
Note: Ipecac syrup can be cardiotoxic if not vomited and allowed to be absorbed.
Report immediately to physician if vomiting persists longer than 2-3 h after ipecac syrup is given.
Patient & Family Education
Call an emergency room, poison control center, or physician before using ipecac syrup.
Do not breast feed after using this drug without consulting physician.
Antacids Correct answer-Aluminum (Al) hydroxide (Amphojel)
Magnesium (Mg) hydroxide/aluminum hydroxide (Maalox)
Calcium carbonate (Tums)
Sodium bicarbonate (Alka-Seltzer) (systemic)
