Biochemistry Final Exam 2025 A+
_______ is the most common extracelluar cation, while _________ is the most
abundant intracellular cation. - ansSodium, potassium
______________ ions account for nearly 90% of the positively charged ions found in
extracellular fluid - ansSodium
A disaccharide is _____ monosaccharides joined together covalently by a - ans2;
Glycosidic bond
A person who is lactose intolerant is deficient in which enzyme's activity? - ansLactase
A small chain of amino acids is called a - anspeptide
Aerobic respiration _____________ ATPs and _____ require oxygen - ans38 does
Amino acid carbon skeletons can be used to synthesize ________ or ________ -
ansKetones or Glucose
Amino acids that must be consumed in the diet are called - ansessential amino acids
Ammonia is detoxified to urea via the urea cycle in the liver - ansTrue
An abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid is called - ansedema
An electrolyte is
a) sugar
b. fat
c. charged molecule
d water - anscharged molecule
Anaerobic respiration produces _____________ ATPs and _____________ as a waste
product - ans2, lactic acid
At the end of aerobic respiration all six carbon atoms from the glucose molecule are -
ansfound in carbon dioxide molecules
Before the payoff phase of glycolysis can begin, the cell needs to invest _____ ATP -
ans2
Besides ATP the end products of aerobic respiration are - anscarbon dioxide water
Central principle/dogma of molecular biology: - ansgenetic information flows from DNA
to RNA to protein
, Amino acids can't do anything without template from DNA
DNA replicates its information (via many enzymes): REPLICATION
DNA codes for mRNA during transcription : TRANSCRIPTION
mRNA processed into proteins : TRANSLATION
Complex carbohydrates
a. include glycogen, cellulose, and starch
b. consist of many glucose molecules bound together in long chains.
c. can be energy storage molecules
d. are polysaccharides.
e.all of these - anse. all of these
Dietary fiber is - ansComplex Carbohydrates
Cellulose
Divided into soluble and insoluble
Difference between RNA and DNA - ansThe hydroxy group on 2 prime carbon indicates
RNA.
During glycolysis, fructose and galactose enter the liver and are phosphorylated at
carbon number - ans1
During vigorous exercise, pyruvate produced by glycolysis is converted to - anslactate
Each amino acid contains - ansan amine group and a carboxyl group
Excess glucose in the body following a meal can be stored in the liver as this is for use
in the near future: - ansGlycogen
Explain the major role of glutamate and alpha ketoglutarate in amino acid biosynthesis
and degradation - ansThey lose or gain an amine group to generate energy and create
NH4 or NADH
Fluid in the blood is classified specifically as _________ fluid - ansextracellular
For long-term storage, glucose is converted to _________ while for short-term storage
glucose is converted to - ansFat, glycogen
Given these phases of aerobic respiration list the phases in order
1. Acetyl-coenzyme A formation
2. citric acid cycle
3. Electron-transport chain
4. Glycolysis - ans4 Glycolysis
1 acetyl-coenzyme A formation
3 Citric Acid cycle
_______ is the most common extracelluar cation, while _________ is the most
abundant intracellular cation. - ansSodium, potassium
______________ ions account for nearly 90% of the positively charged ions found in
extracellular fluid - ansSodium
A disaccharide is _____ monosaccharides joined together covalently by a - ans2;
Glycosidic bond
A person who is lactose intolerant is deficient in which enzyme's activity? - ansLactase
A small chain of amino acids is called a - anspeptide
Aerobic respiration _____________ ATPs and _____ require oxygen - ans38 does
Amino acid carbon skeletons can be used to synthesize ________ or ________ -
ansKetones or Glucose
Amino acids that must be consumed in the diet are called - ansessential amino acids
Ammonia is detoxified to urea via the urea cycle in the liver - ansTrue
An abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid is called - ansedema
An electrolyte is
a) sugar
b. fat
c. charged molecule
d water - anscharged molecule
Anaerobic respiration produces _____________ ATPs and _____________ as a waste
product - ans2, lactic acid
At the end of aerobic respiration all six carbon atoms from the glucose molecule are -
ansfound in carbon dioxide molecules
Before the payoff phase of glycolysis can begin, the cell needs to invest _____ ATP -
ans2
Besides ATP the end products of aerobic respiration are - anscarbon dioxide water
Central principle/dogma of molecular biology: - ansgenetic information flows from DNA
to RNA to protein
, Amino acids can't do anything without template from DNA
DNA replicates its information (via many enzymes): REPLICATION
DNA codes for mRNA during transcription : TRANSCRIPTION
mRNA processed into proteins : TRANSLATION
Complex carbohydrates
a. include glycogen, cellulose, and starch
b. consist of many glucose molecules bound together in long chains.
c. can be energy storage molecules
d. are polysaccharides.
e.all of these - anse. all of these
Dietary fiber is - ansComplex Carbohydrates
Cellulose
Divided into soluble and insoluble
Difference between RNA and DNA - ansThe hydroxy group on 2 prime carbon indicates
RNA.
During glycolysis, fructose and galactose enter the liver and are phosphorylated at
carbon number - ans1
During vigorous exercise, pyruvate produced by glycolysis is converted to - anslactate
Each amino acid contains - ansan amine group and a carboxyl group
Excess glucose in the body following a meal can be stored in the liver as this is for use
in the near future: - ansGlycogen
Explain the major role of glutamate and alpha ketoglutarate in amino acid biosynthesis
and degradation - ansThey lose or gain an amine group to generate energy and create
NH4 or NADH
Fluid in the blood is classified specifically as _________ fluid - ansextracellular
For long-term storage, glucose is converted to _________ while for short-term storage
glucose is converted to - ansFat, glycogen
Given these phases of aerobic respiration list the phases in order
1. Acetyl-coenzyme A formation
2. citric acid cycle
3. Electron-transport chain
4. Glycolysis - ans4 Glycolysis
1 acetyl-coenzyme A formation
3 Citric Acid cycle
