ORTHOTICS CPM EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025 QUESTIONS
WITH SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔The talocrural joint is the articulation between the ___________ and ____________.
The main motions at this joint are ____________ and ____________. - ✔✔Tibia/fibula
and the talus. Plantarflexion/dorsiflexion
✔✔The subtalar joint is the articulation between the _____________ and ___________.
The main motions at this joint are ____________ and _______________. - ✔✔Talus
and calcaneus. Inversion/eversion
✔✔How do you determine subtalar neutral? - ✔✔palpate anterior surface of foot at
subtalar joint. Create equal space on both sides of the talus.
✔✔SAFO trimlines: proximal - ✔✔1.5" distal to fibular head
✔✔SAFO trimlines: at malleoli - ✔✔anterior to apex of malleoli
✔✔SAFO trimlines: at metheads - ✔✔posterior unless encapsulating in a three point
pressure system
✔✔SAFO trimlines: footplate - ✔✔full length for spasticity or hammertoes, sulcus for
knee extenders or to improve pushoff
✔✔PLS trimlines: proximal - ✔✔1.5" distal to fibular head
✔✔PLS trimlines: at malleoli - ✔✔posterior to malleoli
✔✔PLS trimlines: at metheads - ✔✔distal to metheads
✔✔PLS trimlines: foot plate - ✔✔full length to act as longest lever arm to lift foot
✔✔KAFO trimlines: proximal medial - ✔✔30mm distal to perenium
✔✔KAFO trimlines: proximal lateral - ✔✔15 degrees above medial trimline
✔✔KAFO trimlines: posterior knee - ✔✔allow for 105 degrees of knee flexion
✔✔GRAFO trimlines: proximal anterior - ✔✔distal to tibial tubercle
✔✔GRAFO trimlines: proximal posterior - ✔✔allow enough space for foot to end from
posterior
, ✔✔GRAFO trimlines: at malleoli - ✔✔anterior to apex of malleoli
✔✔GRAFO trimlines: at metheads - ✔✔distal to metheads to increase stiffness
✔✔GRAFO trimlines: foot plate - ✔✔full length to provide greatest resistance to flexion,
or sulcus length to prevent hyperextension
✔✔Three point pressure system to control pronation of the foot - ✔✔lateral calcaneus,
ST mod/Carleson mod (corrective force), shaft of the 5th metatarsal
✔✔Three point pressure system to control supination of the foot - ✔✔medial calcaneus,
cuboid mod, shaft of the 1st metatarsal
✔✔Three point pressure system to control valgus of the ankle - ✔✔shaft of the 5th
metatarsal, above and below medial malleolus, proximal lateral calf
✔✔Three point pressure system to control varus of the ankle - ✔✔shaft of 1st
metatarsal, above and below lateral malleolus, proximal medial calf
✔✔Three point pressure system to control Swing phase plantarflexion - ✔✔Full length
footplate under the toes, ankle strap, proximal posterior calf
✔✔Three point pressure system to control stance phase dorsiflexion - ✔✔proximal
anterior calf, posterior calcaneus, shoe over toes
✔✔Knee joint clearances - ✔✔Medial: 6mm
Lateral: 3mm
✔✔Ankle joint clearances - ✔✔Medial: 6mm
Lateral: 5mm
✔✔Word association: edema - ✔✔conventional
✔✔Word association: triplanar instability/severe spasticity - ✔✔solid ankle AFO
✔✔Word association: crouch gait - ✔✔GRAFO
✔✔Word association: knee hyperextender with some (2/5) quad strength - ✔✔posterior
offset unlocked knee joint on KAFO
✔✔Word association: 0/5 quad strength, locked or unlocked knee joint - ✔✔LOCKED
✔✔Word association: Charcot foot - ✔✔CROW boot
WITH SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔The talocrural joint is the articulation between the ___________ and ____________.
The main motions at this joint are ____________ and ____________. - ✔✔Tibia/fibula
and the talus. Plantarflexion/dorsiflexion
✔✔The subtalar joint is the articulation between the _____________ and ___________.
The main motions at this joint are ____________ and _______________. - ✔✔Talus
and calcaneus. Inversion/eversion
✔✔How do you determine subtalar neutral? - ✔✔palpate anterior surface of foot at
subtalar joint. Create equal space on both sides of the talus.
✔✔SAFO trimlines: proximal - ✔✔1.5" distal to fibular head
✔✔SAFO trimlines: at malleoli - ✔✔anterior to apex of malleoli
✔✔SAFO trimlines: at metheads - ✔✔posterior unless encapsulating in a three point
pressure system
✔✔SAFO trimlines: footplate - ✔✔full length for spasticity or hammertoes, sulcus for
knee extenders or to improve pushoff
✔✔PLS trimlines: proximal - ✔✔1.5" distal to fibular head
✔✔PLS trimlines: at malleoli - ✔✔posterior to malleoli
✔✔PLS trimlines: at metheads - ✔✔distal to metheads
✔✔PLS trimlines: foot plate - ✔✔full length to act as longest lever arm to lift foot
✔✔KAFO trimlines: proximal medial - ✔✔30mm distal to perenium
✔✔KAFO trimlines: proximal lateral - ✔✔15 degrees above medial trimline
✔✔KAFO trimlines: posterior knee - ✔✔allow for 105 degrees of knee flexion
✔✔GRAFO trimlines: proximal anterior - ✔✔distal to tibial tubercle
✔✔GRAFO trimlines: proximal posterior - ✔✔allow enough space for foot to end from
posterior
, ✔✔GRAFO trimlines: at malleoli - ✔✔anterior to apex of malleoli
✔✔GRAFO trimlines: at metheads - ✔✔distal to metheads to increase stiffness
✔✔GRAFO trimlines: foot plate - ✔✔full length to provide greatest resistance to flexion,
or sulcus length to prevent hyperextension
✔✔Three point pressure system to control pronation of the foot - ✔✔lateral calcaneus,
ST mod/Carleson mod (corrective force), shaft of the 5th metatarsal
✔✔Three point pressure system to control supination of the foot - ✔✔medial calcaneus,
cuboid mod, shaft of the 1st metatarsal
✔✔Three point pressure system to control valgus of the ankle - ✔✔shaft of the 5th
metatarsal, above and below medial malleolus, proximal lateral calf
✔✔Three point pressure system to control varus of the ankle - ✔✔shaft of 1st
metatarsal, above and below lateral malleolus, proximal medial calf
✔✔Three point pressure system to control Swing phase plantarflexion - ✔✔Full length
footplate under the toes, ankle strap, proximal posterior calf
✔✔Three point pressure system to control stance phase dorsiflexion - ✔✔proximal
anterior calf, posterior calcaneus, shoe over toes
✔✔Knee joint clearances - ✔✔Medial: 6mm
Lateral: 3mm
✔✔Ankle joint clearances - ✔✔Medial: 6mm
Lateral: 5mm
✔✔Word association: edema - ✔✔conventional
✔✔Word association: triplanar instability/severe spasticity - ✔✔solid ankle AFO
✔✔Word association: crouch gait - ✔✔GRAFO
✔✔Word association: knee hyperextender with some (2/5) quad strength - ✔✔posterior
offset unlocked knee joint on KAFO
✔✔Word association: 0/5 quad strength, locked or unlocked knee joint - ✔✔LOCKED
✔✔Word association: Charcot foot - ✔✔CROW boot
