SW 612 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 100% PASS
What are social determinants in access to mental health care? - ANSWER
Socioeconomic differences are fundamental influences on many health and disease
outcomes; Racism, discrimination, and segregation into "disorganized and depleted
neighborhood environments add risks beyond those associated with socioeconomic
disadvantage"
What are some disparities in access and quality to mental health care? - ANSWER
Services are underutilized; Providers have problems engaging members of racial &
ethnic minorities in treatment; Providers also have problems retaining such persons in
treatment; Over-diagnosis of schizophrenia among African Americans; Over-diagnosis
of depression among Latinx; High rates of SUDs and completed suicide among Native
Americans; Inappropriate use of antipsychotic meds; Under-diagnosis of mental health
conditions in Asian-American communities; Gender identity may become focus of
treatment even if that's not why client came in
What are the main characteristics of autism? - ANSWER Impaired social interaction;
Impaired communication; Repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior; Impaired
cognition--Autistic savant: splinter skills; Abnormal Sensory Perceptions
What are the disparities in diagnosis and services for autism? - ANSWER Autism can be
reliably diagnosed at two years of age. and The average age of diagnosis for African
American and Latino children is 6-8 years; Many African American and Latino children
are missing out on early intervention
What treatments are appropriate for autism? - ANSWER Applied Behavior Analysis:
- ABA therapy applies behavior principles to behavior treatments in a way that helps to
increase useful or desired behaviors as well as extinguishing behaviors that interfere
with problematic and harmful behaviors
- focus on positive reinforcement strategies
Early intervention can improve learning, communication and social skills, as well as
underlying brain development.
Many children affected by autism also benefit from other interventions such as speech
and occupational therapy.
What are the main symptoms of ADHD? - ANSWER inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity
What treatments are appropriate for ADHD? - ANSWER •Education for the child and
family
•Cognitive behavioral therapy
, •Dialectical behavioral therapy.
•Drug treatment or natural remedies
STIMULANTS!!!
What are childhood symptoms of ADHD vs adult symptoms? - ANSWER Hyperactivity -->
Restlessness
Physical impulsivity --> verbal impulsivity
Inattention to school work --> inattention to work
What are the main symptoms of Oppositional Defiant Disorder? - ANSWER
Angry/Irritable mood, Argumentative/Defiant Behavior, Vindictiveness
What are the main symptoms of Conduct Disorder? - ANSWER Aggression and physical
harm, Property damage, Deceitfulness or theft, Serious rules violations
How is ODD treated? - ANSWER Parent-Management Training Programs and Family
Therapy, Cognitive Problem-Solving Skills Training, Social-Skills Programs and
School-Based Programs
How is Conduct Disorder treated? - ANSWER Treatment options for conduct disorder
are family therapy, behavioral modification and pharmacotherapy, often in combination.
Medications used are similar to those with ADHD and Autism: Stimulants, SSRIs,
Antipsychotic (Resperidone)
What are the differences between ODD and CD? - ANSWER Behaviors of oppositional
defiant disorder (ODD) are usually less severe and do not include aggression towards
individuals or animals, property destruction or pattern of theft or deceit. Also ODD
includes emotional dysregulation (angry and irritable mood) that are not in the definition
of conduct disorder.
What are the key features of psychotic disorders? - ANSWER hallucinations, delusions,
and disordered forms of thinking
What does prodromal mean and how is it manifested? - ANSWER early sign or symptom
that often indicates the onset of a disease before more diagnostically specific signs and
symptoms develop
Mild hallucinations or delusions, Unusual or odd beliefs (ideas of reference; magical
thinking), Unusual perceptual experiences, Speech generally understandable but
vague, Behavior unusual but not grossly disorganized, Negative symptoms common and
can be severe, May be more social withdrawn
What are the positive symptoms of schizophrenia? - ANSWER Delusions, Hallucinations,
Disorganized speech (evident in speech), Disorganized behavior (including catatonia)
What are social determinants in access to mental health care? - ANSWER
Socioeconomic differences are fundamental influences on many health and disease
outcomes; Racism, discrimination, and segregation into "disorganized and depleted
neighborhood environments add risks beyond those associated with socioeconomic
disadvantage"
What are some disparities in access and quality to mental health care? - ANSWER
Services are underutilized; Providers have problems engaging members of racial &
ethnic minorities in treatment; Providers also have problems retaining such persons in
treatment; Over-diagnosis of schizophrenia among African Americans; Over-diagnosis
of depression among Latinx; High rates of SUDs and completed suicide among Native
Americans; Inappropriate use of antipsychotic meds; Under-diagnosis of mental health
conditions in Asian-American communities; Gender identity may become focus of
treatment even if that's not why client came in
What are the main characteristics of autism? - ANSWER Impaired social interaction;
Impaired communication; Repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior; Impaired
cognition--Autistic savant: splinter skills; Abnormal Sensory Perceptions
What are the disparities in diagnosis and services for autism? - ANSWER Autism can be
reliably diagnosed at two years of age. and The average age of diagnosis for African
American and Latino children is 6-8 years; Many African American and Latino children
are missing out on early intervention
What treatments are appropriate for autism? - ANSWER Applied Behavior Analysis:
- ABA therapy applies behavior principles to behavior treatments in a way that helps to
increase useful or desired behaviors as well as extinguishing behaviors that interfere
with problematic and harmful behaviors
- focus on positive reinforcement strategies
Early intervention can improve learning, communication and social skills, as well as
underlying brain development.
Many children affected by autism also benefit from other interventions such as speech
and occupational therapy.
What are the main symptoms of ADHD? - ANSWER inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity
What treatments are appropriate for ADHD? - ANSWER •Education for the child and
family
•Cognitive behavioral therapy
, •Dialectical behavioral therapy.
•Drug treatment or natural remedies
STIMULANTS!!!
What are childhood symptoms of ADHD vs adult symptoms? - ANSWER Hyperactivity -->
Restlessness
Physical impulsivity --> verbal impulsivity
Inattention to school work --> inattention to work
What are the main symptoms of Oppositional Defiant Disorder? - ANSWER
Angry/Irritable mood, Argumentative/Defiant Behavior, Vindictiveness
What are the main symptoms of Conduct Disorder? - ANSWER Aggression and physical
harm, Property damage, Deceitfulness or theft, Serious rules violations
How is ODD treated? - ANSWER Parent-Management Training Programs and Family
Therapy, Cognitive Problem-Solving Skills Training, Social-Skills Programs and
School-Based Programs
How is Conduct Disorder treated? - ANSWER Treatment options for conduct disorder
are family therapy, behavioral modification and pharmacotherapy, often in combination.
Medications used are similar to those with ADHD and Autism: Stimulants, SSRIs,
Antipsychotic (Resperidone)
What are the differences between ODD and CD? - ANSWER Behaviors of oppositional
defiant disorder (ODD) are usually less severe and do not include aggression towards
individuals or animals, property destruction or pattern of theft or deceit. Also ODD
includes emotional dysregulation (angry and irritable mood) that are not in the definition
of conduct disorder.
What are the key features of psychotic disorders? - ANSWER hallucinations, delusions,
and disordered forms of thinking
What does prodromal mean and how is it manifested? - ANSWER early sign or symptom
that often indicates the onset of a disease before more diagnostically specific signs and
symptoms develop
Mild hallucinations or delusions, Unusual or odd beliefs (ideas of reference; magical
thinking), Unusual perceptual experiences, Speech generally understandable but
vague, Behavior unusual but not grossly disorganized, Negative symptoms common and
can be severe, May be more social withdrawn
What are the positive symptoms of schizophrenia? - ANSWER Delusions, Hallucinations,
Disorganized speech (evident in speech), Disorganized behavior (including catatonia)
