AFAA Personal Trainer Certification Study Guide Questions AndANSWERs

AFAA Personal Trainer Certification Study Guide Questions AndANSWERs Glycolysis - ANSWER a metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and release energy for the body in the form of ATP Female Athlete Triad - ANSWER amenorrhea, osteoporosis, and eating disorders; when left untreated they damage the musculoskeletal and reproductive systems Adipose Tissue - ANSWER a kind of body tissue containing stored fat that serves as a source of energy Resting Metabolic Rate - ANSWER accounts for 60-75% of daily expenditure and is higher in individuals with a high percentage of lean body mass Lean Body Mass - ANSWER structural and functional elements in cells, body water, muscle, bones, and other organs (anything that is not fat) Self-Efficacy - ANSWER inner confidence that a person has that he or she will be able to accomplish a task Approach Goals - ANSWER yield more positive results because positive outcomes are emphasised often yielding happy moments Avoidance Goals - ANSWER may result in anxiety, depression, and less enjoyment, even if the goal is achieved Resting Heart Rate - ANSWER Obtained first thing in the morning when you are completely relaxed but conscious, before getting out of bed Resting Blood Pressure - ANSWER What test may require that it can only be taken by licensed health care providers? biceps - ANSWER opposing muscles of the triceps triceps - ANSWER opposing muscles of the biceps anterior medial deltoids - ANSWER opposing muscles of the latissimus dorsi latissmus dorsi - ANSWER opposing muscles of the anterior medial deltoids pectoralis major - ANSWER opposing muscles of the posterior deltoid, mid-trapezius, and rhomboids Mitochondria - ANSWER a subcellular structure where oxidation takes place Beta oxidation - ANSWER A metabolic sequence that breaks fatty acids down to two- carbon fragments that enter the citric acid cycle as acetyl CoA. Krebs cycle - ANSWER the acetyl CoA formed in the first component of aerobic metabolism enters into the citric acid cycle Electron transport system - ANSWER the final sequence of reactions in the aerobic production of ATP Maximal oxygen uptake - ANSWER the maximum amount of oxygen consumed and utilized by the body during an all-out effort to exhaustion Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption - ANSWER additional oxygen consumed immediately after an exercise bout when the body is no longer exercising Sarcomere - ANSWER each section of a myofibril in muscle Actin - ANSWER structural protein that makes up the thin filaments of myofibrils; functions in muscle contraction Anatomical Position - ANSWER standing position with hands down and palms facing forward Supine - ANSWER lying on the spine Prone - ANSWER lying face down Axial Skeleton - ANSWER part of the skeleton that contains skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum Synovial joints - ANSWER have a small space between the articulating bones that allows for a greater range of motion Cartilage - ANSWER a white, semi-opaque, fibrous connective tissue that cushions the joints and prevents wear on the joint surfaces Synovial membrane - ANSWER secretes synovial fluid which provides nourishment, lubrication, and hydrotastic cushioning for the joint Bursae - ANSWER liquid-filled membranes that protect soft tissues as they pass by bony projections Ligament - ANSWER band of fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone and provides joint stability. Tendon - ANSWER dense, fibrous connective tissue that forms the end of a muscle and attaches muscle to bone Fascia - ANSWER fibrous connective tissue that forms sheaths for individual muscles. Circuit Weight Training - ANSWER resistance exercises performed one after the other without rest for approximately 20 minutes Muscular Strength - ANSWER maximum force a muscle or muscle group can generate at one time Muscle Endurance - ANSWER capacity to sustain repeated muscle actions, as in push- ups or sit ups, or sustain fixed, static muscle actions for an extended period of time Muscle Power - ANSWER explosive aspect of strength, is the product of strength and speed of movement Muscle Stability - ANSWER ability of a muscle or muscle group to stabilize a joint and maintain its position without movement. (to perform a sustained isometric contraction) Muscle hypertrophy - ANSWER an increase in the muscle fiber size, specifically an increased cross-sectional area resulting from increased myofibrilis Overload Principle - ANSWER increasing the intensity (resistance), frequency, or duration of the training above the levels normally expected