NUR 631 cumulative (Advanced Pathophys
for NP) Questions With Complete Soltions
eosinophilia
-parasitic invasion
-inhaled/ingested foreign particles
basophilia
-hypersensitive rxn
-release of histamine
monocytosis
-late in infection (recuperative phase)
-macrophages cleaning up
-TB, brucellosis, listerosis, subacute bacterial
endocarditis
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
-This is the virus that transmits mononucleosis.
-kissing disease: sore throat, fever
-ACUTE infection of B lymphocytes
-associated w/lymphomas & nasopharyngeal
cancer
Leukemia what is
-clonal disorder of leukocytes in BONE MARROW
-s/s: fatigue, anemia, bleeding (thrombocytopenia)
-tx chemo
,-oncoproteins BCR -> ABL cause mutant tyrosine
kinase in leukemias
Leukemia types
ALL:
-most common childhood
-in adults is Philadelphia chromosome
CML:
-Philadelphia chromosome
AML: epigenetic alterations are key
CLL
lymphocytopenia
-low lymphocytes (T and B).
-during acute infection
lymphomas
tumors of lymphoid tissue (thymus, bone
marrow)
(lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, etc).
Two main types of lymphomas: HL, NHL
Hodgkin lymphoma (HL)
1. Reed-Sternberg cells
-from malignant B cells that become bi-nucleate
,2. virus? familial clustering?
3. Initial sign is large painless NECK mass
4. Tx: Chemo & Radiation
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL)
-Cancer of the lymphatic tissues other than
Hodgkin lymphoma
-Painless LYMPH NODE swelling/enlargement over
months, years
-d/t genetic/viral mutation
-? d/t industrialization, immunosuppression
-tx: Chemo
-BURKITT LYMPHOMA is a type of NHL
Burkitt's lymphoma
-Jaw & facial bones
*(in children of east central Africa & New Guinea)
-Rare in U.S. (would be abdominal in U.S.)
-extensive bone marrow invasion & replacement
multiple myeloma
-malignant tumor of bone marrow cells
(aka immature B plasma cell neoplasm)
-tumor secretes monoclonal protein antibody (M-
protein)
-affects soft & skeletal tissues
, -risk factors: exposure to radiation/chemicals. Hx of
monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined
significance (MGUS)
-s/s: recurrent infection, renal disease, BenceJones
proteinuria
-tx: chemo, radiation/biologic therapy, stem cell, sx
splenomegaly
blood cell sequestration > destruction > ANEMIA.
Is due to:
1. acute inflammation/infection
2. congestive disorders
3. infiltrative process
4. tumors/cysts
serum
plasma fluid after the blood cells and the clotting
proteins have been removed
lymph nodes
-Bean-shaped filters that cluster along the
lymphatic vessels of the body. They function as a
cleanser of lymph as wells as a site of T and B cell
activation
-collects, cleans, returns interstitial fluid to
for NP) Questions With Complete Soltions
eosinophilia
-parasitic invasion
-inhaled/ingested foreign particles
basophilia
-hypersensitive rxn
-release of histamine
monocytosis
-late in infection (recuperative phase)
-macrophages cleaning up
-TB, brucellosis, listerosis, subacute bacterial
endocarditis
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
-This is the virus that transmits mononucleosis.
-kissing disease: sore throat, fever
-ACUTE infection of B lymphocytes
-associated w/lymphomas & nasopharyngeal
cancer
Leukemia what is
-clonal disorder of leukocytes in BONE MARROW
-s/s: fatigue, anemia, bleeding (thrombocytopenia)
-tx chemo
,-oncoproteins BCR -> ABL cause mutant tyrosine
kinase in leukemias
Leukemia types
ALL:
-most common childhood
-in adults is Philadelphia chromosome
CML:
-Philadelphia chromosome
AML: epigenetic alterations are key
CLL
lymphocytopenia
-low lymphocytes (T and B).
-during acute infection
lymphomas
tumors of lymphoid tissue (thymus, bone
marrow)
(lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, etc).
Two main types of lymphomas: HL, NHL
Hodgkin lymphoma (HL)
1. Reed-Sternberg cells
-from malignant B cells that become bi-nucleate
,2. virus? familial clustering?
3. Initial sign is large painless NECK mass
4. Tx: Chemo & Radiation
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL)
-Cancer of the lymphatic tissues other than
Hodgkin lymphoma
-Painless LYMPH NODE swelling/enlargement over
months, years
-d/t genetic/viral mutation
-? d/t industrialization, immunosuppression
-tx: Chemo
-BURKITT LYMPHOMA is a type of NHL
Burkitt's lymphoma
-Jaw & facial bones
*(in children of east central Africa & New Guinea)
-Rare in U.S. (would be abdominal in U.S.)
-extensive bone marrow invasion & replacement
multiple myeloma
-malignant tumor of bone marrow cells
(aka immature B plasma cell neoplasm)
-tumor secretes monoclonal protein antibody (M-
protein)
-affects soft & skeletal tissues
, -risk factors: exposure to radiation/chemicals. Hx of
monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined
significance (MGUS)
-s/s: recurrent infection, renal disease, BenceJones
proteinuria
-tx: chemo, radiation/biologic therapy, stem cell, sx
splenomegaly
blood cell sequestration > destruction > ANEMIA.
Is due to:
1. acute inflammation/infection
2. congestive disorders
3. infiltrative process
4. tumors/cysts
serum
plasma fluid after the blood cells and the clotting
proteins have been removed
lymph nodes
-Bean-shaped filters that cluster along the
lymphatic vessels of the body. They function as a
cleanser of lymph as wells as a site of T and B cell
activation
-collects, cleans, returns interstitial fluid to
